Researchers have described a new freshwater amoeba species from Budamu Stream near Cape Coast, Ghana. Their analysis also identified an additional lineage and up to seven possible Mayorella groups, many made up of unnamed or environmental sequences.
Researchers reviewed 16 randomized trials involving 5,668 people with vascular dementia. Galantamine and memantine were linked with small changes on some cognitive test scores over the short term, but consistent benefits for daily functioning, overall condition, or behavior were not established.
A systematic review of 18 quantitative studies found that responsiveness was the governance practice most consistently associated with public trust in local governments. Transparency and formal accountability had more conditional relationships, with service delivery, perceived performance and effectiveness helping shape how people judged local authorities.
Researchers combined results from seven randomized trials involving 1,334 people with previously untreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma, a rare blood cancer. The analysis found that some regimens produced higher response or disease-control rates than CHOP, but it found no significant differences in overall survival or progression-free survival. Risks of particular blood-related side effects varied among regimens.
A systematic review and meta-analysis examined changes in eye-pressure readings and corneal measurements after small-incision lenticule extraction, or SMILE, a procedure used for nearsightedness and some astigmatism. Across 17 observational studies involving 1,177 eyes, pressure readings were lower after surgery with several measurement devices, but the review cannot establish how much of this reflected a change in true eye pressure rather than measurement effects.
An interactive music tablet reduced preoperative anxiety in children aged 3 to 11 who were preparing for elective surgery. The effect was strongest in children aged 3 to 6 and in those with high anxiety before the intervention.
A study used satellite images, farm records and soil–water modeling to map nitrate loss within fields in a drinking-water protection area. Low-yield zones had higher nitrogen surpluses and modeled nitrate concentrations than high-yield zones.
A study finds that loosely structured water molecules at the ice surface contribute to its low friction by forming a liquid-like, disordered layer. Three diamond-like carbon coatings reduced friction more than bearing steel, with the largest reduction reaching 58.6%.
A study in northern Australia found that wetland plots disturbed by feral pigs released more methane and nitrous oxide than undisturbed reference plots. The highest emissions occurred at recently disturbed sites, suggesting feral pig management could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands.
A study of migrant services in an eastern German city during the arrival of Ukrainian migrants identifies five underlying logics of humanitarian aid provision. The researchers argue that these services can turn support systems into forms of governance tied to labor extraction and the accumulation of capital.
Researchers found that cohesin regulates several steps in gene transcription, including how RNA-producing machinery is recruited and how long it pauses before continuing. Although losing cohesin can leave steady gene activity only modestly changed, it reduces the strength and reliability of gene activation after outside signals.
A numerical study of the 1945 Nagasaki atomic bombing simulated how the mushroom cloud formed and carried two types of material. Ground-derived dust mainly followed the central updraft, while bomb-derived radioactive material was concentrated in a rotating ring around the cloud head.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined mRNA-based vaccines targeting high-risk HPV types in animal models. Across 10 studies, the vaccines were associated with stronger HPV-specific immune responses, lower tumor volume, and major reductions in viral load in challenge models. These findings do not show that the vaccines work or are safe in people.
Researchers report a nickel-iron catalyst that sustained water electrolysis for more than 3,400 hours at an industrial current density. The reported hydrogen production cost was $2.28 per kilogram, below the European Commission’s 2030 target.
An analysis of GitHub Copilot use found that open-source projects produced more code and involved more developers. The gains came with longer coordination time, especially for developers on the edges of project communities.
