A study projects higher temperatures and lower rainfall around Ethiopia’s Maze National Park by 2050 under two climate scenarios. It also finds that land-use planning could lead to declines in several ecosystem services under business as usual, but gains under a governance-focused scenario.
A systematic review and meta-analysis examined 18 randomized controlled trials involving adults with type 2 diabetes. Compared with intensified insulin strategies, injectable incretin-based regimens were associated with slightly greater HbA1c reductions, less hypoglycemia, and lower body weight, while gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent.
A study of the 1922 seizure of Fuyang, China, finds that the collapse of a privately controlled defense system helped spur civic networks beyond Anhui. These networks turned humanitarian concern into a limited challenge to warlord power, although their campaign was constrained and partly tied to revolutionary politics.
Researchers have proposed and modeled a compact source of entangled photons based on ScAlN/GaN quantum wells and a dielectric metasurface. Their calculations indicate that the design could generate telecom-band photon pairs at a rate on the order of 10^10 per second.
In the Khiav Chai River watershed in northwest Iran, annual precipitation increased from 1970 to 2022 while streamflow declined. Rainfall became more evenly distributed through the year, but river flow became more concentrated in particular periods, consistent with snow dynamics altering when water reaches the river.
Researchers screened 8,872 entries from two computational materials databases and identified 4,073 materials with topological or obstructed electronic structures. Their results include more than 1,900 predicted two-dimensional topological or related materials, whose properties are available in a new public database.
A 2020–2021 survey in Afghanistan’s Takhar Province identified 14 amphibian and reptile species or species groups. The records included the province’s first documented snakes, among them the venomous oxiana cobra, and increased the known total to at least 20 species.
Human-specific changes in gene regulation appear to have reduced the amount of glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs, in human joints compared with those of non-human apes. The researchers say this evolutionary shift may contribute to humans’ susceptibility to degenerative skeletal diseases.
This systematic review examined quality-of-life outcomes at least three months after caesarean delivery among women who reported persistent postsurgical pain. Across 30 studies involving 28,295 women, persistent pain was associated with difficulties in daily activities, sleep, mood and energy, although the studies used different definitions and measures.
Researchers developed an AI system that detects and analyzes people in physical stores, masking faces before selected information is sent to the cloud. In a 45-participant in-store pilot, person detection reached 93% accuracy and face masking succeeded on all pipeline detections.
AeroMAPS modelling compared sustainable aviation fuels, hydrogen propulsion, electrification and carbon offsets across short-, medium- and long-range aircraft. The combined pathway produced deeper cumulative emissions reductions than any single technology, while a conventional-kerosene pathway depended most heavily on offsets.
Hybrid winter barley showed a lower risk of very low yields than pure-line barley in a field experiment covering wet, dry and near-normal seasons. The difference was clearest during drought and excess rain, although the results describe one defined production system rather than barley-growing conditions broadly.
A review of Legal Plunder describes a new framework for examining how the criminal legal system extracts money, labor and other resources from people subject to it. The framework includes fines, administrative fees, asset forfeitures, charges behind bars and labor requirements under supervision.
Researchers tracked homologous mouse chromosomes as they paired during meiosis, the specialized cell division that produces reproductive cells. The chromosomes moved from widely separated positions to close alignment in three stages, with DNA breaks and recombination helping drive the transitions.
Researchers examined prescribing patterns among 239,995 Danish residents with type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed at age 40 or older. Nearly one third had at least one possible omission under the study's general prescribing criteria, and prescribing gaps involving cardiovascular care were common. The study found associations with being female and living alone, but it did not show that these factors caused the prescribing differences.
