Stanford University

A Skin‐Inspired High‐κ Self‐Healing Polymer for Low‐Voltage Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

ABSTRACT Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), known as a type of artificial muscles, are promising soft actuators with many applications including robotics and wearables due to their conformability, fast response, and large actuation. However, their usage remains constrained by...

Genetic Predisposition and Pharmacological Effects Shape the Divergent Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Atherosclerosis

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) increases the risk of atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), but decreases that for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), forming an intriguing diabetes-atherosclerosis paradox. We investigate how genetic underpinning...

A unified lexicon of predictive DNA sequence motifs from ENCODE transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility assays

Abstract: Regulatory DNA contains sequence elements that guide transcription factor (TF) binding and chromatin accessibility, that in turn control the expression of nearby genes. Most current descriptions of such regulatory elements are based on classical, statistical enrichment-...

Community metabolism in dynamic redox landscapes

Microbial communities are fundamentally shaped by the diverse metabolic processes through which microbes extract energy from the chemical and light-driven potential gradients in their environment. Thus, predicting microbial community dynamics requires a quantitative framework gro...

Optical isolation and circulation using quantum frequency conversion on a chip

Breaking electromagnetic reciprocity enables directional control of light and is essential for both classical and quantum photonic systems. However, realizing integrated optical nonreciprocity that simultaneously combines low loss, broad bandwidth, and compatibility with quantum...

Resident Perspectives on Post-Rounds Communication With Families Using Diverse Languages

OBJECTIVE To explore pediatric residents’ experiences communicating with families after rounds and identify barriers and facilitators to communication with families using languages other than English (LOE). METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews...

Conversational AI should fill the white space in mental health care, not replace humans

Abstract Conversational AI (CAI) is being rapidly deployed in mental healthcare, with much of the focus on chatbots delivering therapy directly to patients. However, this focus overlooks broader opportunities to improve mental healthcare as a system. Rather than replacing clinici...

Trends in the Utilization of Two-Stage Versus Three-Stage Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis Among Privately Insured Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in the USA, 2007 to 2023

BACKGROUND: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis can be performed via 2- and 3-stage techniques, with similar short- and long-term clinical outcomes. 2-stage ileal pouch anal anastomosis became the predominant approach in the 2000s; whether this trend has continued remains unknown. OBJEC...

Evidence for heavy iron isotopic enrichment at Earth’s core-mantle boundary

Ocean island basalts exhibit heavier and more variable iron isotopic compositions (δ56Fe) than mid-ocean ridge basalts, but the origin of these signatures remains unresolved. Here we investigate whether Fe-rich ultralow-velocity zones at the core-mantle boundary can provide a dee...

Pre-trained knowledge transfer with application in multisystem inflammatory syndrome subphenotyping in children

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and presents with highly heterogeneous signs and symptoms. Disentangling the clinical manifestations of MIS-C by characterizing its subphenotypes can help iden...

Duration of Therapeutic Hypothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Importance Therapeutic hypothermia is widely used for neuroprotection following cardiac arrest, but clinical trials have not consistently demonstrated improved neurological outcomes, and the optimal duration of cooling remains uncertain. Objective To determine the duration of the...

HeartMate 3 in Pediatric and Complex Populations: Physiologic Rationale, Patient Selection, and Management Strategies

The HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD), initially designed for adults, is increasingly utilized in children, small adults, and those with congenital heart disease (CHD), necessitating expanded knowledge and collaborative efforts. This review highlights key ph...

Healthcare Utilization After Biologic Initiation for Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background Biologic therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) broaden options beyond endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and conventional medications. However, the short-term impact of biologic therapy on healthcare utilization relative to ESS is unclear. Objecti...

Inter-DropletElectric Fields Drive Water Redox Chemistryin Microdroplets

Abstract The chemistry of water microdroplets is often interpreted from the perspective of isolated droplet interfaces, although practical microdroplet systems more commonly exist as dense ensembles of interacting droplets. Here, we show that a closed reactor based on ultrasonic...

Deciphering Kinetic Principles of Dual‐Anion Electrolytes for Extreme Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Tailoring Li + solvation coordination has been recognized as a strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) under extreme fast‐charging (XFC) conditions. Beyond weakening Li + solvation, increased Li–anion pairing plays a crucial ro...

Morphology-based screening for sickle cell disease using low-cost automated microscopy and machine learning

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia are the most common monogenic diseases, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, where low-cost and accurate diagnostic tools are needed to reduce the global disease burden. Although the sickling test is c...

From Gene Editing to Exogenesis: Pigs as a Source of Immune-compatible Organs for Transplantation

The persistent shortage of human organs for transplantation has intensified efforts to develop alternative sources, specifically xenotransplantation and exogenesis. Xenotransplantation uses genetically engineered pigs to provide organs, tissues, and cells for clinical use. Signif...

The Orbitofrontal Expansion for Extending Nasoseptal Flap Reach in the Frontal Sinus

Abstract Skull base defects involving the superior and lateral posterior table of the frontal sinus are challenging to reconstruct due to limited surgical access and restricted reach of available reconstructive options. External approaches are often required, increasing morbidity...

Congenital heart disease in pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity: A distributed data network study

Abstract Introduction Pregnant people with congenital heart disease (CHD) are a growing patient population in obstetrics, yet evidence on the risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has largely been limited to studies that lack specificity for CHD. We conducted this study to dem...

Outcomes of early treatment in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a 24-month retrospective analysis

Abstract Background To evaluate structural and functional outcomes in patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, based on the timing of systemic corticosteroid (CS) initiation and the early introduction of noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). Methods Thi...