Stanford University

De novo design of RNA pseudoknots with deep learning

RNA design has been hindered by the limited accuracy of 3D structure prediction. Here, we show that intricate RNA structures can be generated with current deep learning tools through accurate de novo design of pseudoknot secondary structures. In an Eterna competition involving 57...

Heterogeneous single-cell dynamics support stable population codes for objects in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex

Remembering object locations is crucial for survival, yet how the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) encodes spatial features across repeated experiences has not been fully characterized. Using longitudinal calcium imaging in freely moving mice, we tracked excitatory ACC neurons whi...

Erythropoietic protoporphyria life impact and genetic health trajectory (LIGHT) study in Europe: a cross-sectional online questionnaire

Abstract Background Erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria (collectively, EPP) are rare inherited metabolic disorders of the heme biosynthetic pathway characterized by severe photosensitivity and painful phototoxic reactions upon sunlight exposure. This study s...

Deep molecular profiling of lung neuroendocrine tumours and supra-carcinoids

BACKGROUND: Lung neuroendocrine tumours (NETs, also known as carcinoids) are rapidly rising in incidence worldwide but have unknown aetiology and limited therapeutic options beyond surgery. The current WHO classification, based on mitotic count and presence or absence of necrosis...

Learning from generic language.

Generic language (e.g., "Birds have hollow bones") conveys generalizations about categories and is a fundamental and ubiquitous mechanism of learning about the world. How exactly this learning occurs, however, is unclear: Generics exhibit so much flexibility in how they are inter...

Functional Stability Measured by Changes in the 6-min Walk Test in Patients Treated with Tafamidis Versus Placebo: Post hoc Analysis from ATTR-ACT

Tafamidis, a transthyretin stabilizer for the treatment of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), significantly reduced the decline in 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance, a marker of functional stability, compared with placebo in the pivotal study ATTR-ACT. In this post hoc...

BeyondMimic: From motion tracking to versatile humanoid control via guided diffusion

The humanlike form of humanoid robots uniquely positions them to achieve the agility and versatility in motor skills that humans have. Learning from human demonstrations offers a scalable approach to acquiring these capabilities. However, prior works either produced unnatural mot...

Trends in Pathogens Causing Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants: 2010–2023

OBJECTIVE To examine long-term trends in overall and pathogen-specific late-onset sepsis (LOS) incidence among very preterm infants (VPIs) in a statewide, population-based network. METHODS We analyzed data for infants born at 22 to 31 weeks’ gestation in the California Perinatal...

Cholecystokinin released somatodendritically from dopamine neurons broadly alters synaptic strength across the ventral tegmental area

Abstract Neuropeptides are found in nearly every brain neuron, and can modulate behaviors by regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. In contrast to the canonical view of neuropeptide release from nerve terminals, we previously reported the somatod...

Multi-resolution enhancement for full-spectrum neural representations

Scientific data acquisition continues to outpace storage and analysis capabilities, making voxel-based representations increasingly intractable. Implicit neural representations (INRs) offer a promising solution by encoding signals through coordinate-based neural networks, serving...

Focused sparse seismic data planning for CO2 sequestration monitoring

Abstract Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) monitoring relies on geophysical methods to track CO2 plume migration and ensure long-term storage security. While conventional 4D or repeated 3D seismic surveys provide comprehensive subsurface imaging, their high costs limit acquisition...

Considerations for Ecological Momentary Assessments in Alcohol Use: A Narrative Review

Background: Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs), a newer method assessing alcohol use, present advantages over Timeline Follow Back (TLFB). EMAs have progressed from telephone calls to smartphone applications, providing opportunities for growth in a naturalistic assessment. T...

Innate immune sensor NOD2 promotes cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression by stabilizing TRAF6 in chondrocytes

Inflammation driven by the innate immune response plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Moreover, current antiinflammatory therapies primarily offer symptomatic relief without altering disease progr...

TRANCE is a unique marker of chronic pancreatitis in children

BACKGROUND Elucidating immune signals through well-defined cohorts of pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients is critical. This study aimed to evaluate plasma chemokine and cytokine levels in pediatric participants with CP, compared with AP and he...

Disordered Gibbs measures and Gaussian conditioning

Abstract We study the law of a random field $$f_N(\varvec{\sigma })$$ f N ( σ ) evaluated at a random sample from the Gibbs measure associated to a Gaussian field $$H_N(\varvec{\sigma })$$ H N ( σ ) . In the high-temperature regime, we show that bounds on the probability that $$f...

Quantifying the Acute Toxicity of Alpha-Synuclein Membrane-Accumulation in a Cell-Based Assay

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 12 million people worldwide. A central pathological feature is the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (αS) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Engineered αS variants such as 3K (...

Telemedicine-guided management of iodinated contrast media-associated anaphylaxis: A case report

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) are uncommon, and ICM-associated anaphylaxis with airway compromise is rare, but time critical. In recent years, radiology has increasingly incorporated telemedicine-enabled workflows, including forms of virtu...

Identifying active surfaces for C2 decomposition relevant to the FC-CVD CNT synthesis process

Selecting for high quality carbon nanotube (CNT) growth during the floating catalyst vapour deposition (FC-CVD) synthesis process remains a challenge due to the coupling of physical and chemical phenomena inside the reactor. While there is evidence implicating C2 species as the p...

Effects of human mobility on tuberculosis incidence in mainland China, 2010–2023: an ecological analysis and metapopulation modeling study

Human mobility plays an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases, yet its contribution to tuberculosis (TB) dynamics in China remains insufficiently quantified. We compiled a province-year panel for mainland China (2010–2023) to describe spatiotemporal trends usi...

Social media use and depression across 11 years of U.S. adult data

Controversy surrounds the relationship between social media use and depression. Prior research has relied on single datasets, narrower age groups or broad measures of screen time, leaving uncertainty about whether associations of social media use and depression were stable across...