Stanford University

Mesenchymal stem cells in ribosomal insufficiency lead to aberrant osteoblastic differentiation and altered hematopoiesis

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by macrocytic anemia. In addition to anemia, patients present with skeletal defects and an increased risk of osteosarcoma, suggesting dysregulated bone cell development. We found that...

New Results on the Polyak Stepsize: Tight Convergence Analysis and Universal Function Classes

Abstract. In this paper, we revisit a classical adaptive stepsize strategy for gradient descent: the Polyak stepsize (PolyakGD), originally proposed in Polyak [ USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys., 9 (1969), pp. 14–29]. We study the convergence behavior of PolyakGD from two perspectiv...

Shared patterns of human milk composition link mammary gland function to infant growth

The mammary gland produces nutrient-rich human milk (HM), yet how mammary functional state shapes HM composition and infant outcomes remains poorly understood. We used HM multi-omics - metabolomics, proteomics, micronutrients, macronutrients, and HM oligosaccharides - across 1,54...

Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Brain-Penetrant Colchicine-Binding Site Ligand for Treatment of Glioma

Abstract The limited number of approved drugs for treatment of brain cancers is very apparent. Temozolomide and Vorasidenib continue to be the only approved brain-permeable, orally available drugs. A novel class of highly brain-penetrant tubulin-binding ligands was discovered thr...

III-V Selective Area Growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Integrated Quantum Systems and Applications

Abstract To realize practical quantum information processing systems with high fidelity, disparate materials and components must be integrated on a scalable, unified platform. Among these, III-V alloys with their widely tunable optical properties and advantageous transport proper...

Message in a bottleneck: Nested founder effects from French Polynesia to Rapa Nui and Hawaiʻi

Founder effects can lead to strong, population-specific allele frequency differentiation, including autosomal recessive conditions. Their characterization in European-descent groups, such as the Finnish and Amish, has resulted in actionable genetic tests for each. We show that Po...

Working on AI and Technology Policy in the U.S. Senate

Chronicling authors' experiences and encouraging application of computing and AI expertise supporting technology policymaking.

Human-like content analysis for generative AI with language-grounded sparse encoders

The rapid development of generative AI has transformed content creation, communication, and human development. However, this technology raises profound concerns in high-stakes domains, demanding rigorous methods to analyze and evaluate AI-generated content. While existing analyti...

Evaluating Interventions for Plasmodium vivax Forest Malaria Using a Three-Scale Mathematical Model

Abstract. The rising proportion of Plasmodium vivax cases concentrated in forest-fringe areas across the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) highlights the importance of pharmaceutical and mosquito control techniques specifically targeted toward forest-going populations. To mathematic...

HMGA1 and HMGA2: epigenetic regulators in myeloproliferative neoplasms and novel platelet transcriptomic biomarkers of myelofibrosis

We read with great interest two recent studies by Handa et al. [ 1 ] and Bartalucci et al. [ 2 ] reporting novel chromosomal deletions within the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of HMGA2 (Δ3’ HMGA2 ) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Both teams identified submicroscopic deleti...

Redox-Active Microneedle Platforms for ROS Modulation in Chronic Wound Healing

Chronic wounds represent a growing clinical and economic burden, and their impaired healing is closely linked to a disrupted redox environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules that regulate each phase of wound healing, from hemostasis and inflammat...

Current opinion on simulation in family planning

Purpose of review We aim to review novel family planning simulation models published since 2017. We will focus primarily on models for simulating abortion care, given the increased need for simulation education in this area post-Dobbs. Recent findings Since the last current opini...

Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort

Studies of prenatal exposure to non-persistent chemicals often assume biomarker measurements from a single urine sample can represent exposure pregnancy. The validity of this assumption depends on biomarker concentration variability across gestation, which is not well-characteriz...

Pre-ECMO characteristics, organ dysfunction and exploratory mortality prediction in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS treated with veno-venous ECMO: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective The transferability of pre-ECMO characteristics and established mortality prediction tools across COVID-19 (C-19) and non-COVID-19 (nC-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains uncertain. We compared clinical characteristics, organ dysfunction, res...

Nitrate Removal and Geogenic Contaminant Mobilization during Oxic–Anoxic Cycling of Managed Aquifer Recharge Basin Soils

Abstract More frequent and intense precipitation events challenge water capture and recharge. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) diverts excess surface water into aquifers to secure groundwater supplies; when using nonconventional waters such as stormwater, elevated nitrate loads can...

Agriculture–urban interfaces, social vulnerability and climate change shape West Nile virus risk across the United States

Abstract Climate and land use change are reshaping the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. West Nile virus (WNV), the most widespread zoonotic arbovirus in the United States, illustrates the need to integrate climate, land cover and social vulnerability across heterogeneous landsc...

Prehistoric global migration of vanishing gut microbes with humans

The gut microbiome is crucial for health and is affected strongly by lifestyle1. Many microorganisms commonly found in non-industrialized populations are disappearing or have become extinct in industrialized populations2–6. Studying which microorganisms have been long-term reside...

Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index and Risk Stratification in Advanced Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Importance Risk stratification in advanced mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) remains suboptimal given that current TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging has limited prognostic value for clinically relevant outcomes. Objective To determine whether the Cutaneous...

PrimerDesigner: Designing Efficient Primers for Synthesizing Large Protein Libraries Without Cross-Hybridization

Efficient synthesis of large protein libraries is key to making high-throughput biochemistry scalable. Advances in DNA microarray technology now allow more than 170,000 designed oligonucleotides to be synthesized in a single array, dramatically reducing cost and enabling pooled a...

Emotional predictors of returning a favour: Behavioural experiments in the United States and Japan

Abstract We examined emotional predictors of favour‐returning behaviour in the United States (Study 1) and tested whether the findings in the United States would replicate in a culturally different context in Japan (Study 2). In both experiments, participants played a collaborati...