Stanford University

Model systems, element inputs, and nutrient limitation

A good model system for understanding biogeochemistry and ecosystem function is one in which all or most of the processes found in the world’s ecosystems occur in a relatively simple way that makes them readily understandable. As I discuss in this paper, the Hawaiian Islands prov...

Highlights of the 2025 American Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report

The 2025 American Joint Replacement Registry Annual Report includes 4.6 million hip and knee arthroplasty procedures, with 4,434,668 validated cases, representing a 20% increase from the prior report. Registry participation continues to expand, with contributions from over 5000 s...

Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design

Diffuse gliomas remain among the least responsive solid tumors to immunotherapy despite a compelling rationale for immune surveillance of infiltrative disease. The clinical record—negative phase III checkpoint blockade trials, limited durability of single-antigen vaccines, and im...

P1.095. International Collaborative Study on the Relationship Between ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism and Changes in Salivary Acetaldehyde Concentration by L8020 Lactobacillus

Abstract Topic Esophageal Cancer: Esophageal Carcinogenesis Background Seventy-five percent of the world's esophageal cancer cases occur in Asia. The primary cause is the presence of the flasher (ALDH2 non-inactivating type). The ALDH2 gene polymorphism (rs671 G>A) is believed to...

Matrix stress relaxation drives glioblastoma cell response in viscoelastic biomaterials

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of glioblastoma (GBM) is known to modulate cell behavior, yet the specific contributions of matrix biochemical and biomechanical signaling remain poorly understood. To address this, we engineer a tunable hyaluronan-elastin-like protein (HELP) hydrog...

Empiric MRSA Coverage for Children with Osteoarticular Infections: 2015 to 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative pathogen for children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA). National guidelines recommend empiric coverage for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) at hospita...

Macrocyclization of Broad-Spectrum Kinase Inhibitor Bosutinib Leads to Potent and Selective Quinoline-Based HIPK4 Inhibitor AZ137

ABSTRACT Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 4 (HIPK4) remains an understudied member of the dark kinome. While genetic knockout studies suggest roles for HIPK4 in spermiogenesis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, whether these cellular functions can be recapitulated by ph...

Constraints on Large-Scale White Noise in the Cosmic Density Field

We present observational constraints on large-scale white noise (LSWN) in the cosmic density field, a phenomenon predicted to arise from nonlinear mode coupling during cosmological evolution. Building on the theoretical framework of our companion paper, where we demonstrated that...

Retail Electricity Costs and Emissions Incentives Are Misaligned for Commercial and Industrial Power Consumers

Abstract Electrification is contributing to substantial growth in U.S. commercial and industrial loads, but the cost and Scope 2 carbon emission implications of this load growth are opaque for both power consumers and utilities. We present a comprehensive spatiotemporal data set...

Optimizing culture-free approaches to recover high-quality Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic variation

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) genomic epidemiology often relies on culturing patient sputum, a time- and labour-intensive process. Hybrid capture approaches have been successfully used to enrich Mtb DNA from complex clinical samples, yet the accuracy of variant i...

The effects of CO2-rock interaction on the failure mode of clay-rich sandstone

Understanding how rock formations respond to CO₂ injection is critical for geological carbon storage. This study examines the impact of CO₂-rock interaction on the failure mode of clay-rich Tuscaloosa sandstone. To simulate CO₂-rock interaction in the subsurface, we conducted CO...

Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8+ T cell-macrophage interactions.

T cell infiltration and reduces T cell activation and proliferation; and iii) therapeutic strategies, including D-1MT, that improve intragranulomatous killing hold strong translational potential.

HarnessingDiamond Surface Features for Dense andAligned NV Ensembles

Abstract Controlling nitrogen doping in diamond is key to advancing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center devices. We harness the hillock, a typically undesirable surface feature, to incorporate high densities of grown-in, aligned NV centers on a (001)-oriented substrate. Enhanced cathodo...

Clinicians’ practices and attitudes toward depression assessment: a cross-sectional survey study

<title>Abstract</title> Accurate psychological evaluation is crucial for early detection, intervention and evaluation of mental health disorders. The validity and reliability of psychological evaluation methods have been systematically researched for many decades. However, assess...

Structural rearrangements underlying the activation of STIM1 by ER calcium depletion

ABSTRACT In resting cells, STIM1, the dimeric ER Ca 2+ sensor that controls store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE), is held in a Ca 2+ -bound inactive state by multiple intramolecular restraints, or brakes. Receptor-evoked release of Ca 2+ from the ER causes a large conformational cha...

The gut microbiome and allograft outcomes: implications for heart transplantation

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. However, post-transplant complications are considerable. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiome as a modifiable determinant of post-heart transplant outcomes through its in...

Valid Inference with Synthetic Data via Task Exchangeability: replication deposit

Replication deposit for the paper Valid Inference with Synthetic Data via Task Exchangeability (Lezhi Tan, Tijana Zrnic). Synthetic data is cheap to produce but can be biased, and treating it as real makes inference confidently wrong. Task exchangeability corrects for this: find...

Hard Choices: Sound Change in Northern Greek

We propose a new account of the change from -Vsis, -Vzis to -Vi̯s in Modern Lesbian, as well as of related changes in other Northern Greek dialects, arguing that they are special cases of the loss of unstressed high vowels. Our analysis depends on the new understanding of the nat...

Ancestry and Kawasaki Disease: Clinical Pathway Considerations

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of pediatric acquired heart disease in developed countries.1 Despite decades of research, no established biologic marker has been identified, and KD remains a clinical diagnosis.1,2 However, KD research has shown that different populatio...

Streamlining analysis and design of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using machine learning

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) offers unique insights into the coupling between electronic and nuclear motion and dynamics, making it a key technique in diverse fields, including materials science and biology. Obtaining 2DES data requires a series of measurements...