Research works

GCEF Research Note 02: When Governance Capability Exists, What Determines Whether Governance Remains Effective?

This research note examines the conditions under which governance remains effective once governance capability has been established. It distinguishes the existence of governance capability from its continuing effectiveness and asks what evidence is needed to determine whether gov...

Effects of Evolocumab on Mortality Outcomes in Patients Without Previous Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: A Prespecified Analysis of the VESALIUS-CV Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Evolocumab, a PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9) inhibitor, significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in patients without previous myocardial infarction or stroke in the VESALIUS-CV trial (Effect of Evolocumab in Patients at High Cardi...

UAV‐Based Precision Seed Dropping for Automated Reforestation

ABSTRACT Wildfires and deforestation pose significant threats to forest ecosystems, motivating scalable methods for reforestation beyond labor‐intensive cultivation of native forest seedlings in nurseries. To enable large‐scale direct seeding of native species, this paper present...

Fragmented identities: legal recognition of same-sex unions and life trajectories of queer Ukrainian refugees in EU member states

This article examines how the legal recognition of same-sex relationships shaped the migration choices and settlement experiences of queer Ukrainian refugees displaced by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with LGBTQI+ Ukrainians...

Enacting intimate citizenship: the couple migrations of East European queers

The topic of how uneven legal recognition for queer couples across international borders relates to migration remains underexplored in the literature. Existing work pays limited attention to how uneven geographical access to LGBTQIA+ family rights may shape mobility patterns and...

Deep reinforcement learning-based optimization of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for 6G multi-user connectivity in NLOS environments

Abstract The transition towards the sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks requires ultra-high data rates and seamless connectivity, even in frequency bands like mmWave and THz, which are highly susceptible to physical blockages. RIS have emerged as a key technology in mitiga...

A lipid transfer-dependent feedback loop activates ATG9A compartments in autophagy initiation

Abstract Autophagy degrades cellular material by sequestering it within autophagosomes, which form de novo from precursors called phagophores. Phagophore assembly and expansion require ATG9A-positive seed compartments, the lipid transfer protein ATG2A, and the class III phosphati...

Same-sex marriage and migration: politics of belonging, state regulations, and new ways of doing family across borders

The expansion of marriage rights for same-sex couples has coincided in many countries with increasingly restrictive marriage migration policies. These differentiated approaches to marriage – relatively inclusive towards LGBTQI + people and their families, yet increasingly exclusi...

The Tri-Layer Genetic Code The Fundamental Equation of Biological Information - DNA

This work presents the tri-layer genetic code as a multiplexed information architecture rather than a single quaternary mapping. Layer 1 (quaternary) specifies amino acids. Layer 2 (ternary) governs translation kinetics and co-translational folding through wobble-position degener...

Early outcomes of England's new biodiversity offset market

Abstract Nature markets are being operationalized as a tool to address the biodiversity finance gap and achieve global biodiversity targets. However, there is limited understanding of how the outcomes of these markets align with biodiversity targets. One example is the off‐site m...

A genomic catalog of Earth’s bacterial and archaeal symbionts

1 SUMMARY Microbial symbiosis drives the functional and phylogenomic diversification of life on Earth, yet remains underexplored due to culturing challenges. This study employed machine learning (ML) to predict symbiotic lifestyles in hundreds of thousands of microbial genomes fr...

Bypassing Races in Live Applications with Execution Filters

Deployed multithreaded applications contain many races because these applications are difficult to write, test, and debug. Worse, the number of races in deployed applications may drastically increase due to the rise of multicore hardware and the immaturity of current race detecto...

QBRT: A Predictive Theory of Dark Energy and the Cosmological Constant

Quantum Background Radiation Theory (QBRT) proposes that the cosmological constant Λ arises from the zero-point energy of quantum vacuum fluctuations. Unlike the standard ΛCDM model which assumes a constant Λ, QBRT predicts a slow decay of dark energy density over cosmic time. Th...

Genomic Fit and Environmental Mismatch: The Tradeoff Model of Polygenic Operating Range

Why do "harmless" common genetic variants trigger catastrophic failures under specific environmental stress? Moving beyond reductionist "one-variant-one-disease" paradigms, this monograph introduces the Tradeoff Model of Polygenic Operating Range. It reframes common polymorphisms...

Before the Boxes Disappear: How Ordinary Decisions Unmake a Community Archive

This essay examines how community collections disappear without a disaster, through moves, unaffordable storage, organizational closures, and reasonable decisions made under deadline. It argues that physical survival is not archival survival, since a collection can remain wholly...

Constrained SO(3,3) Spacetime: Part V. Torus Knot Topologies and the Emergence of Lepton Mass Hierarchy

The origin of the exponential mass hierarchy among the three charged lepton generations (electron, muon, tau) remains one of the prominent open questions in fundamental particle physics, typically accommodated within the Standard Model via fine-tuned Yukawa couplings. Building up...

Black Holes in Induced E8 Gravity: the Inherited Area Law, Three Uniquenesses of Ten Dimensions, and the Horizon's Ledger

In a framework where gravity is induced — Newton's constant manufactured by the one-loop vacuum of an underlying E₈ field content, G_N = g*/M_UV² with g* = 0.038 and the compactification radius locked to the same scale — black-hole thermodynamics changes epistemic status: the Bek...

Constrained SO(3,3) Spacetime: Part III. Closed Topological Solitons, Spin Quantization, and Rest Mass Generation

Operating under the theoretical assumption that a topological constraint field successfully suppresses negative-norm ghost states in an SO(3,3) spacetime, this paper explores the further geometric implications of uncompactified transverse-time dimensions. We propose a conceptual...

Angular Monotonicity of Completed Dirichlet L-Functions via the Three-Term Zeta Decomposition: A Proof of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for Non-Principal Characters

Version 6, 2026-08-31. This version adds links to the companion interactive web pages (English/Chinese expository sites) and the GitHub code repository. No mathematical content changes from v5. We prove the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) for all non-principal Dirichlet L-fu...

Procyanidin C1 activates Nrf2/HO-1 to preserve in vivo mitochondrial homeostasis and counter chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is driven in part by chondrocyte senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation, yet disease-modifying therapies that directly target these ageing mechanisms are lacking. Here, we identify the grape-seed-derived polyphenol procyanidin...