Environmental Science · Global and Planetary Change
A climate-model study suggests that shallow convection and moisture buildup over the northern Indian Ocean contribute to the abrupt onset of the South Asian monsoon. In the simulations, shallow convection about 20 days before onset helped concentrate moist energy near 15°N and supported the circulation linked to monsoon onset.
Future heat extremes across the Middle East are projected to intensify during both daytime and nighttime, with the strongest regional changes generally occurring during the day. The Arabian Peninsula is expected to remain the main hotspot, although some subregions show greater nighttime increases.
New climate-model projections suggest that future productivity in major coastal upwelling regions will be shaped by more than changes in winds. The models disagree more with one another than they do across emissions scenarios, leaving the direction of change uncertain in many areas.
EarthCARE’s radar is providing global measurements of rising air inside tropical clouds, rather than relying only on indirect signs. The strongest updrafts were more common over land, especially during afternoon satellite passes, and were linked to compact cloud systems.
Long-running computer simulations found that different stratospheric aerosol injection strategies can lead to substantially different climate outcomes. Some strategies stopped the decline of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, while another only slowed it, despite the simulations having the same temperature targets.
Bangladesh’s nighttime heat stress has risen faster than its daytime extremes over the past 40 years, with the strongest warming in the early morning. Major cities including Dhaka and Rajshahi are experiencing more days of very strong heat stress, raising concerns about health, work and urban resilience.
A new analysis maps how drought hazard changes across India’s major farming regions under three global warming levels. It finds that large shares of land shift into higher drought-risk categories, and that some new high-risk areas appear. The work also notes that results depend on one climate model and should be read as directional guidance rather than forecasts.
