University of Toronto

Ethical considerations for intraoperative implementation of artificial intelligence clinical decision support systems: a scoping review

Intraoperative artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems are increasingly proposed for surgical decision-making, yet evidence supporting their clinical implementation and ethical governance remains limited. We searched five databases for studies p...

Peripheral microbial metabolites as indicators of gut microbiome disruption: systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Gut microbiome disruption is often characterized by the loss of obligately anaerobic bacteria, which may lead to altered production of microbial metabolites that can be detected peripherally. The application of widely used sequencing-based microbiome analyses to clinical...

Benchmarking methods for evaluating stress-strain soil responses in dynamic centrifuge testing

Understanding soil stress–strain response during and after liquefaction triggering is critical for performance-based design, yet direct measurement of these behaviours in centrifuge experiments remains challenging. This study compares traditional indirect and newly developed dire...

Heterogeneity and ontogeny of mouse thymic macrophages reveal a requirement for Csf1r-expressing myeloid cells during early T cell development

Thymic macrophages (TMs) maintain tissue homeostasis by clearing the large numbers of apoptotic cells generated during T cell development, but how TM heterogeneity relates to their developmental origin and role in thymocyte maturation remains incompletely understood. Using comple...

The Composite Spectrum of QSO Absorption Line Systems in DESI DR2

Abstract We present details regarding a composite spectrum of quasar (QSO) absorption line systems. In this composite spectrum, we identify more than 70 absorption lines and observe oxygen and hydrogen emission features at a higher signal-to-noise ratio than any previous study. A...

No difference in alloimmunization of pregnant adults with sickle cell disease exposed to chronic versus on‐demand transfusions: A two‐center retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Pregnant people with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience high morbidity and mortality, even when RBC transfusion is safe and available. There is a lack of consensus on transfusion use partly due to concern for alloimmunization. This study examined alloimmuniz...

Intravenous and intranasal ketamine for borderline personality disorder to treat comorbid depression, BPD symptoms and suicidality: a systematic review

While psychotherapy is the standard form of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), there are no pharmacological medications approved to treat this condition. Many individuals with BPD also experience depression and suicidal ideation, highlighting the need for effect...

Multivariate analysis identifies distinct latent components and highlights the contribution of motor cortex neurochemistry to clinical variance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is marked by substantial clinical heterogeneity across motor and extramotor domains, yet how different neuroimaging modalities jointly relate to this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Prior ALS neuroimaging studies have largely...

The silent pandemic: the overlooked toll of stroke compared to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic will be remembered as one of the defining health crises of the modern era. The World Health Organization reported approximately 7 million deaths attributed to COVID-19 globall...

Housing-based support models for individuals experiencing homelessness, substance use and mental health needs: a rapid review

Abstract Background Individuals experiencing homelessness and substance use and mental health needs face high rates of mortality. Stable housing is a critical determinant of health, yet the evidence on existing housingbased support models and their effectiveness for improving beh...

Prognostic implications of complications during VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock

PURPOSE: Veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides comprehensive cardiopulmonary support in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), but may result in complications. While complications rates are known, their impact on risk of death remains largely unknown. METHODS...

Choosing Not to Eat Meat: What Characterizes Independently Vegetarian Children?

A growing body of research has aimed to map the characteristics of extraordinary altruists-such as those who have donated a kidney to a stranger. However, this research has primarily focused on adults, and we know little about the development of extraordinary altruism. While chil...

Controlling Nonadiabatic Transitions through Engineered Ultrafast Laser Fields at Conical Intersections

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the coherent control of nonadiabatic dynamics at a conical intersection (CI) using engineered ultrafast laser pulses. Within a model vibronic system, we tailor the pulse chirp and temporal profile and compute the resulting wave packet popula...

Bridging Conventional and Natural Therapies for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Triamcinolone and Non-Steroidal Alternatives

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes painful oral ulcers that impair eating and speech. Topical triamcinolone is commonly used, but non-steroidal natural and synthetic alternatives are increasingly studied. This systemati...

Treating donor human milk with alternative pasteurization methods, high-pressure processing and ultraviolet-C irradiation, and their impact on pathogen inactivation, nutrient content and protein bioactivity: a scoping review

Human milk is a complex bioactive food matrix that supports the growth and development of infants. In the absence of their parent's own milk, hospitalized preterm infants receive Holder pasteurized donor milk (DM). However, Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) inactivates...

Responsible use of large language models in digital health: an equity-first governance framework

Large language models (LLMs) are being rapidly deployed for digital health, yet their equity impacts remain poorly characterized. We present an equity-first audit framework anchored in the first nations mental wellness continuum framework (FNMWCF) and apply it to three open-sourc...

Effect of a comic book-based educational intervention on human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge and safety perception among girls aged 9–14 in Nigeria

Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women and is preventable with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and regular screening. However, awareness of vaccines and screenings is poor in many low- and middle-income countries. In 2023, Nigeria sought to delive...

First-principles investigation of hydrogen storage in pristine AlN nanosheets with a biphenylene framework

Abstract One of the most important aspects of the energy transition towards sustainable development is the efficient storage of hydrogen, for which a diverse range of materials is being studied. Here, we investigated the structural and electronic characteristics of biphenylene al...

Cathode vs Electrolyte: Decoupling the Origins of Degradation in High-Voltage Ni-Rich Lithium-Ion

Abstract Raising the upper cutoff voltage and deploying Ni-rich layered oxides (e.g., NMC811) are promising routes to higher lithium-ion cell energy density. However, the origin of degradation remains unclear at high-voltage operation. We propose using a cycle-relevant scan rate...

Toward predictive prosthetic socket modeling: Preliminary linear regression models of transradial limb–socket geometry

Socket fit is essential for successful upper-limb prosthetic devices, yet current design workflows remain labor-intensive and dependent on clinician experience. Several digital and algorithmic approaches have been proposed to partially automate socket design, many of which rely o...