University of Pennsylvania

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Dental Caries Detection Across Clinical Imaging Modalities: A Systematic Review and Descriptive Synthesis

Background/Objectives: Published estimates of artificial-intelligence (AI) accuracy for dental caries differ in imaging modality, lesion threshold, observational unit, reference standard, and validation design. We mapped the clinical composition and credibility of this evidence a...

Menopausal hormone therapy and primary liver cancer: long-term follow-up of the women’s health initiative randomized trials

Abstract Background: Long-term results on liver cancer incidence and mortality are reported from two Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials evaluating menopausal hormone therapy. Methods: 16,608 postmenopausal women with a uterus were randomized to conjugated equine estrogen...

Single-gate, multipartite entanglement on a room-temperature quantum register

Abstract Multipartite entanglement is an essential aspect of quantum systems, needed to execute quantum algorithms, implement error correction and achieve quantum-enhanced sensing. In solid-state quantum registers such as nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, entangled states are...

Comparison of intestinal histopathological changes following teclistamab, BCMA ‐directed CAR T, CD19 ‐directed CAR T and rituximab therapies

Aims Immunotherapy‐associated intestinal tract injury is increasingly recognized; however, histological patterns associated with specific agents remain incompletely defined. Data directly comparing CD19‐ and BCMA‐directed CAR T therapies with other B‐cell‐targeted treatments are...

Robust Functional Basis Neural Network Method With the Normalization

ABSTRACT This paper aims to develop a robust nonlinear model utilizing neural networks for function‐on‐function regression problems. The proposed framework is designed to enhance robustness in regression modeling by minimizing the impact of outliers in the response variable durin...

The new WHO infertility guideline: A universal right to equitable, evidence‐based fertility care

Abstract The WHO ‘Guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infertility’ heralds a significant global shift towards recognizing infertility as a medical condition requiring prevention, diagnosis, treatment and policy support. This recognition is vital for the one i...

Tideglusib as a First-in-Class Chemical Probe for NatA: Identification, Mechanism, and Cellular Validation of an Allosteric, CoA-Dependent Inhibitor

N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) catalyzes 40-57% of eukaryotic Nα-acetylation, a co-translational modification critical for protein stability, localization, and function, yet no validated small-molecule probe of NatA has been reported. Here, we describe the discovery and ch...

Strategic leadership and agility in organizations

Purpose This paper explores the use of agile responses in organizations at three different management levels: CEO, executive team and enterprise wide. The authors compare and contrast three different case examples to highlight that each organizational level involves different goa...

Molecular dynamics based study on the effects of cation size on the local structure and diffusion in polymerized ionic liquids

We have used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to understand the effect of cation size on ion diffusion in polymerized ionic liquids at temperatures well above the glass transition temperature of the polymers. We investigated dependencies of the diffusion constant on...

The Media Bias Detector: A framework for annotating and analyzing the news

News organizations introduce bias into their coverage via the choices they make about which topics to cover (or ignore) and how to frame the issues they do decide to cover. Here, we introduce the Media Bias Detector, a scalable computational framework that integrates large langua...

Assessing Value of Behavioral Interventions: Designing Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Food-Is-Medicine Interventions

Food-is-Medicine (FIM) interventions, including medically tailored meals, medically tailored groceries, and produce prescriptions, represent a promising approach to prevent, manage, and treat diet-related diseases. As the evidence base for FIM interventions expands through large-...

Non‐contrast CT Markers of Hematoma Expansion and Andexanet Response in Factor Xa Inhibitor‐Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Analysis from ANNEXa ‐I Trial

In this post hoc analysis of the ANNEXa-I trial (n = 434), we evaluated non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers of hematoma expansion (HE) in factor Xa inhibitor (FXai) -associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). At least one NCCT marker was present in 72.1%, and HE (≥12....

Optimal Federated Learning for Nonparametric Regression with Heterogeneous Distributed Differential Privacy Constraints

This paper studies federated learning for nonparametric regression in the context of distributed samples across different servers, each adhering to distinct differential privacy constraints. The setting we consider is heterogeneous, encompassing both varying sample sizes and diff...

Research on multimodal dense small object detection algorithms guided by cross-modal information

To address the challenges of modality heterogeneity, scale inconsistency, and background interference in dense small object detection under multimodal conditions, this paper proposes a novel detection framework based on cross-modality guidance and hierarchical scale refinement. B...

Medetomidine as a Fentanyl Adulterant: Pharmacology, Detection, Clinical Presentation, and Management

Abstract Purpose of Review Medetomidine is a veterinary α2-adrenergic agonist that has been an adulterant of illicitly manufactured opioids since 2022. We review its pharmacology, detection, intoxication, withdrawal, and management, and assess why severe withdrawal has emerged in...

Quality standards for preclinical research in cardio-oncology

Preclinical research in cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) is a major domain of cardio-oncology and has provided biological explanation for the cardiovascular adverse effects of many cancer therapies. However, the choice of the experimental models to investi...

Associations Between Parental Beliefs About Their Child’s Weight Controllability, Negative Weight Comments, and Initiation of Weight Talk with Children

Background: Negative parental weight talk is associated with adverse outcomes in youth. Weight controllability beliefs are linked to weight stigma, but it is unknown whether parents’ general beliefs about one’s control over their weight (general weight controllability beliefs), o...

Radiology considerations for the PREMIUM study: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of abbreviated MRI versus ultrasound for liver cancer screening in cirrhosis

Abstract This paper describes the rationale and radiology considerations in the implementation of the Preventing Liver Cancer Mortality through Imaging with Ultrasound versus MRI (PREMIUM) study. PREMIUM is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of...

How much does the reduced electroencephalographic montage matter for seizure detection? A large‐cohort simulation study

Abstract Objective Subscalp electroencephalographic ( EEG) systems with few channels have emerged as promising solutions for ultra‐long‐term seizure monitoring, but the impact of montage configuration on automated seizure detection is unclear. We compared automated detection perf...

Functional connectivity of the locus coeruleus in anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder reveals convergent mapping to the cingulate cortex and insula using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI

Abstract Cortical and subcortical correlates of anxiety and stress disorders have been well defined over recent decades. However, the role of the locus coeruleus (LC), which is responsible for synthesizing and releasing a majority of the brains’ norepinephrine, has been less wide...