University of Pennsylvania

Toward clinically actionable lupus biomarkers: a roadmap for research, validation, and translation

Abstract Despite advances in lupus biomarker research, clinical translation has remained limited, leading to delayed diagnosis, imprecise disease monitoring, and trial-and-error treatment approaches. This roadmap, developed by the Lupus Research Alliance’s Biomarker Roadmap Commi...

Psychiatric and substance use disorder polygenic scores are associated with the exposome in youth

Abstract Gene-environment correlations (rGE) present challenges for accurately estimating the individual and joint contributions of genetic and environmental influences on risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. The present study examined rGE between polygenic risk scor...

Saddlepoint approximations for plug-in resampling

Abstract Resampling-based procedures can improve on normal approximations in sparse, large-scale testing problems, but their computational cost can be prohibitive. We recognize that several existing procedures belong to a faster plug-in resampling subclass, fixing fitted nuisance...

Using informatics to understand pediatric allergic diseases

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advances in the power, utility, and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled new methods of investigation in the biomedical sciences and opportunities to transform clinical workflows. As allergic conditions are among the most common chr...

Matched analysis of the LACE+ score for post-operative outcomes in patients with intradural spinal tumors

Objective The management of intradural spinal tumors can be complex and associated with high resource utilization. The LACE+ index is a validated tool developed to predict post-operative readmission and mortality. This study evaluated the utility of LACE+ in patients undergoing s...

Ecological drivers of Clostridioides difficile disease severity

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and arises from disruption of the resident microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite being a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, CDI presents as a wide spec...

The effect of Coulomb interactions of thermoelectric characteristics of Marcus molecular junctions

We present a theoretical study focused on the influence of Coulomb interactions on thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions assuming that electron transport is strongly affected by thermalized phonon modes in the molecular ambient. It is shown that the combined effect of...

Data-driven Modeling of Telluric Features and Stellar Variability with StellarSpectraObservationFitting.jl

Abstract A significant barrier to achieving the radial velocity (RV) measurement accuracy and precision required to characterize terrestrial mass exoplanets is the existence of time-variable features in the measured spectra, from both telluric absorption and stellar variability,...

Physical activity in young children with cerebral palsy compared to typically developing peers

Higher levels of physical activity have benefits for people of all ages, especially children, yet little is known about physical activity in young children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to measure physical activity in young, nonambulatory children with CP co...

Exploration of the genetic architecture of ANCA-associated vasculitis

Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a complex autoimmune disease with distinct clinical and serological subtypes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several susceptibility loci, particularly within the major h...

Mechanochemically Controlled Functionalization of Graphene Microdrums

Abstract Mechanochemical reactions involve the use of applied mechanical distortions to reactants to drive chemical reactions. In this work, we demonstrate the use of mechanical force to direct location-specific reactions on suspended bilayer graphene microdrums, by manipulating...

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face an era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing these data for scientific discovery demands real-time infere...

Circadian Rhythms in Drug Response: From Molecular Clocks to Precision Dosing

Circadian rhythms organize mammalian physiology across the 24-h day through molecular clocks coordinated by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and distributed to peripheral oscillators. These clocks regulate processes central to pharmacology, including drug absorpti...

Adapting Segment Anything Model 3 for concept-driven lesion segmentation in medical images: an experimental study

Abstract Accurate segmentation of lesions is fundamental for medical image analysis. However, most existing approaches are designed for specific anatomical sites and imaging modalities, limiting their applicability in heterogeneous clinical environments. Recent vision-language fo...

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Following Pennsylvania Hearing-Targeted Screening Legislation

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) occurs in approximately 1/200 to 1/250 US newborns each year and can cause progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Since 2022, Pennsylvania law mandates cCMV testing for infants who fail newborn hearing screening. OBJECTIVES...

A living systematic review, meta-analysis, and open data resource of trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD

Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has emerged as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, rapidly changing evidence in a fast-moving field can be challenging to integrate. Here, we present a living systematic review and open-data m...

Deliberative Programming: A Versioned Deliberation Protocol for Human–AI Collectives

Metacognition in AI is usually pursued inside an architecture: a system that monitors and controls its own reasoning. We report a working alternative — institutional metacognition — in which those functions operate across a human–AI collective, through a shared versioned record:...

Sea Cucumber‐Inspired Double‐Network Biopolymer Hydrogels for Programmable Soft Machines

ABSTRACT Engineering biopolymer‐based hydrogels with robust load‐bearing capacity, reversible mechanical programmability, and adaptive actuation remains difficult due to weak physical crosslinking and porous structure. Inspired by the mutable dermis of sea cucumbers, a collagen–a...

Patient, care partner, and clinician perspectives on a “good day” with dementia

Abstract INTRODUCTION Outcome measures such as home time and institution‐free days have been proposed for use in intervention assessment among persons living with cognitive impairment (PWCI) and dementia. How well these measures capture perspectives on quality of life in dementia...

Exploring transcriptomic and genomic latent variable correction approaches in differential expression analysis

Abstract Background Differential expression analysis is a central tool for studying the biological processes altered in human diseases via transcriptomic signatures. However, transcriptomic datasets are systematically confounded by latent variables from two distinct sources: unme...