University of Pennsylvania

rRNA 5′ETS processing contributes to nucleolar organization and nuclear architecture

The eukaryotic nucleolus is a highly organized, multilayered structure essential for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and ribosome assembly. While rRNA transcription is known to drive nucleolar assembly, the contribution of downstream processing steps to nucleolar organization rem...

Beyond ‘diagnostic error’: an ethnography of resilient behaviours and system adaptations in paediatric outpatient diagnosis

Background Improving paediatric diagnosis by addressing errors (Safety-I) is insufficient for diagnostic excellence. Resilience engineering’s approach to understanding adaptations to achieve success in everyday work may elucidate how individuals and systems manage diagnostic comp...

Gut microbiota and complications in kidney transplantation: a balancing act between commensal and pathogenic bacteria

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent work has linked gut dysbiosis, an imbalance of commensal and pathogenic bacteria, to complications in kidney transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the gut microbiota's relationship to important complications in kidney transplan...

The effects of meditation–based interventions on sleep quality among adults aged ≥ 55 with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta–analysis

Sleep disturbances are common in older adults with MCI, associated with cognitive decline and reduced quality of life. Pharmacological treatment remains common despite safety concerns. Meditation–based interventions may improve sleep and psychological well–being, yet evidence amo...

Asthma Exacerbation Risk and School Asthma Readiness

OBJECTIVES: School-based asthma management is a key facet of child asthma care. We aimed to describe the proportion of students whose schools have child-specific components of asthma care, derive a composite metric of these components ("school asthma readiness"), and assess its a...

Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis of Esophageal Manometry: A Narrative Review

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High-resolution manometry (HRM), the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders, remains constrained by inter-rater variability, limited access to expert esophagologists, and inadequate training infrastructure. Many gastroenterology fellowship p...

Adaptive oncogenesis of β-catenin emerges from declining liver tissue integrity

Abstract Mutations are fundamental to oncogenesis, yet they cannot fully explain cancer progression, as oncogenic mutations frequently accumulate in healthy tissues without immediate malignancy. In the liver, β-catenin mutations are highly prevalent in hepatocellular carcinoma bu...

Neurological Pupil Index and Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Children: Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort, 2018–2023

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between abnormal pupillary reactivity using automated infrared pupillometry and unfavorable outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest (CA). DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective, cohort study, 2018-2023. SETTING: Large tertiary PICU in the Uni...

Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Rupture with Intracerebral Hemorrhage With and Without Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: The risk of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is well characterized. However, the risk of these complications in cases of aneurysmal rupture causing intracerebral hemorrhage is less clear. Here, we characteriz...

Decade-long persistence of CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphomas

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy induces durable remissions in lymphoid malignancies, yet the extent and biology of long-term CAR T cell persistence in B cell lymphoma remain unclear. Here we report the persistence and characteristics of 4-1BB-costimulated...

Identifying Ice-Philic Protein Patches to Inform theIce-Binding Sites of Antifreeze Proteins

Abstract Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit ice growth and recrystallization by binding to ice crystals via specific regions on their surface, known as ice-binding sites (IBS). Although the IBS of certain AFPs display regularly spaced threonine residues that are matched well with...

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Thrombotic Significance

ABSTRACT Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic premalignant precursor to multiple myeloma (MM). While development of end‐organ damage in MM largely reflects increasing clonal burden, emerging evidence indicates that qualitative properties of...

Association between clinician team structure and continuous pulse oximetry overuse among infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: An Eliminating Monitor Overuse Trial substudy

Abstract Continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO 2 ) monitoring for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis not requiring supplemental oxygen is an established form of medical overuse. We examined whether clinician team structure influences cSpO 2 overuse. In this secondary analysis of...

MitigatingSO2 Poisoning Effect in ElectrochemicalCO2 Reduction with Transition-Metal Single-Atom MolecularCatalysts

Abstract The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach for converting captured CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, CO2 streams from industrial sources often contain SO2 impurities, which compromise the performance and stability of many...

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Tumors Using a Targeted Helical Protein Scaffold

Abstract Photothermal therapy (PTT) using near-infrared (NIR) photoactive agents offers a minimally invasive approach for tumor ablation; however, many existing platforms rely on polymeric or nanoparticle carriers that limit targeting precision and control over dye loading. Here,...

Longitudinal evaluation of sleep disturbances in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Abstract Purpose The current study examines longitudinal changes in sleep disturbances and the risks they pose for new-onset health conditions in survivors of childhood cancer. Methods Five-year survivors ( N = 1081; median [range] age 50.0 [45.2–55.0] years) and siblings ( N = 2...

HeartMate 3 in Pediatric and Complex Populations: Physiologic Rationale, Patient Selection, and Management Strategies

The HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD), initially designed for adults, is increasingly utilized in children, small adults, and those with congenital heart disease (CHD), necessitating expanded knowledge and collaborative efforts. This review highlights key ph...

SNAP Benefit Cycles and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adults With HIV

This cohort study examines the association between timing of receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits and adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy among SNAP recipients with HIV.

Telemedicine Use in Primary Care for Children: 2019–2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We lack national data on the maturing clinical use of telemedicine (TM) in children’s primary care. This manuscript describes patterns of TM use for problem-based visits overall, across clinical domains, and associations of use with clinic visit volume....

Last resort: the ethical obligation to offer ketamine in psychiatric euthanasia and assisted suicide

Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine have shown rapid effects in reversing suicidality and improving depressive symptoms. In countries that allow psychiatric euthanasia and/or assisted suicide (EAS), we argue that potentially effective treatments for suicidal ideation a...