University of Pennsylvania

The hematology workforce in the United States: past, present, and strategies for the future

From 2017-2021, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) completed the largest study ever conducted of the hematology workforce in the United States (US). The study highlighted a deficit in the classical hematology (CH) workforce: despite very high CH clinical volumes encountered...

Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants

Abstract For rapidly mutating viruses such as influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune memory recalled by antigenically drifted variants primarily comprises antibodies that cross-react to the priming strain rather than de novo eli...

Apical extracellular matrix development

The apical extracellular matrix (aECM) plays crucial roles during morphogenesis and forms the interface through which tissues communicate with the environment. The aECM exhibits complex molecular composition and structure, including multi-layered organization, localized cell-type...

Genome folding and nuclear speckles converge to orchestrate fibroblast activation

Fibroblasts adopt diverse cell states in response to inductive cues to maintain tissue homeostasis. We leveraged this cell-state plasticity to define how genome organization contributes to changes in cellular identity. We show that TGF-β reconfigures topologically associating dom...

Addressing barriers to using fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medications: lessons from the Million Hearts initiative

In the United States, 119.9 M adults have hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg [ 1 ]. Among this group, 67.9 M adults have uncontrolled high blood pressure and are recommended to be on antihypertensive medications according to clinical guidelines. Of those with un...

Human interaction with viscoelastic matter

Research on human perception of materials that are either strictly liquid or solid in nature is abundant. However, most real materials with which we interact are viscoelastic, meaning their behavior while probing depends on probing force and time itself, giving a complex, multi-d...

Spontaneous ChlorineGeneration via Interfacial Oxidationof Chloride by O2 on Acidic Microdroplets

Abstract Reactive chlorine species significantly influence atmospheric chemistry, yet their sources remain inadequately defined. We have discovered a spontaneous formation pathway for substantial molecular chlorine (Cl2) from the oxidation of chloride (Cl–) through interfacial ox...

Geometric Engineeringof Flat Bands in a Single-LayerPhotonic Graphene

Abstract Photonic flat-bands offer significant potential for light–matter interactions and nonlinear optics, thanks to their localization of light and high density of states. However, realizing flat-bands requires intricate fabrication, alignment, and/or specialized geometries. H...

A generalized supervised contrastive learning framework for integrative multi-omics prediction models

Abstract Recent technological advances have highlighted the significant impact of the human microbiome and metabolites on physiological conditions. Integrating microbiome and metabolite data has shown promise in predictive capabilities. We developed a new supervised contrastive l...

Eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes competitive dynamics in an orchard fly system

The feedback between competition and evolution is central to hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of species diversity. Yet, whether competition-induced evolution is sufficiently rapid, consistent, and strong to maintain diversity on ecological timescales remains unresolve...

Time-Varying Effects of Valacyclovir Prophylaxis in the Zoster Eye Disease Study

Importance The Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) supports consideration of suppressive valacyclovir for 1 year to reduce risk of recurrent keratitis or iritis in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Although the primary outcome did not show benefit of suppressive valacyc...

Perspectives on an Intervention to Increase Confidence in Newborn RSV Immunoprophylaxis

OBJECTIVES Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis is efficacious, yet uptake is low in comparison with other recommended newborn interventions. We aimed to identify barriers to and enablers of implementation of an intervention in the well newborn unit to increase par...

rRNA 5′ETS processing contributes to nucleolar organization and nuclear architecture

The eukaryotic nucleolus is a highly organized, multilayered structure essential for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and ribosome assembly. While rRNA transcription is known to drive nucleolar assembly, the contribution of downstream processing steps to nucleolar organization rem...

Moving Upstream: Perinatal Cash Transfers as a Tool to Address Inequities in Birth Outcomes

The United States has an exceptionally high preterm birth rate, which features inequities that impact many Black, Indigenous, and Pacific Islander families. Unconditional perinatal cash transfers, which offer cash assistance to pregnant and postpartum women with no strings attach...

Beyond ‘diagnostic error’: an ethnography of resilient behaviours and system adaptations in paediatric outpatient diagnosis

Background Improving paediatric diagnosis by addressing errors (Safety-I) is insufficient for diagnostic excellence. Resilience engineering’s approach to understanding adaptations to achieve success in everyday work may elucidate how individuals and systems manage diagnostic comp...

Gut microbiota and complications in kidney transplantation: a balancing act between commensal and pathogenic bacteria

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent work has linked gut dysbiosis, an imbalance of commensal and pathogenic bacteria, to complications in kidney transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the gut microbiota's relationship to important complications in kidney transplan...

Decade-long persistence of CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphomas

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy induces durable remissions in lymphoid malignancies, yet the extent and biology of long-term CAR T cell persistence in B cell lymphoma remain unclear. Here we report the persistence and characteristics of 4-1BB-costimulated...

Identifying Ice-Philic Protein Patches to Inform theIce-Binding Sites of Antifreeze Proteins

Abstract Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit ice growth and recrystallization by binding to ice crystals via specific regions on their surface, known as ice-binding sites (IBS). Although the IBS of certain AFPs display regularly spaced threonine residues that are matched well with...

Neurological Pupil Index and Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Children: Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort, 2018–2023

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between abnormal pupillary reactivity using automated infrared pupillometry and unfavorable outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest (CA). DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective, cohort study, 2018-2023. SETTING: Large tertiary PICU in the Uni...

Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Rupture with Intracerebral Hemorrhage With and Without Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: The risk of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is well characterized. However, the risk of these complications in cases of aneurysmal rupture causing intracerebral hemorrhage is less clear. Here, we characteriz...