University of Pennsylvania

Climate adaptation as evolvability

Abstract Standard approaches to climate adaptation, commonly understood as the protection of infrastructure, social systems, and ecosystems from adverse climate impacts, are too closely tied to the biological concept of adaptation and the ecological notion of stability . Instead,...

Effectiveness of a Personalized Robot-Assisted Trunk and Lower Limb Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of a newly developed trunk-lower limb rehabilitation robot in patients with chronic stroke. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted at a rehabilitation center. Forty patients with chronic stroke (mean age 59.48±7.63 years...

A multicenter pilot study of nivolumab with drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization in patients with liver-limited hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (deb-TACE) is a standard for liver-limited, locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and may enhance response to immune checkpoint inhibition through tumor immune microenvironment modulation. We evaluated nivolum...

Hemodynamic Effects of Topical Oxymetazoline During Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy

BACKGROUND: Bleeding is a well-recognized complication in flexible bronchoscopy, especially with advanced procedures. Oxymetazoline is a topical vasoconstrictor often used to reduce or treat bleeding in the nares and airways. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on...

A Recurrent Tympanicum Paraganglioma With a SDHD Pathogenic Variant: First Reported Case

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study is to describe a clinical case of a SDHD germline mutation associated tympanic paraganglioma (TPGL). Patients A female patient seen in the otology clinic at a tertiary care center with a diagnosis of tympanic paraganglioma and significant...

Uncertainty-inspired open-set model for identifying infantile fundus abnormalities

Accurate and safe identification of infantile fundus abnormalities is critical for large-scale screening, yet remains challenging because of heterogeneous disease presentations and overconfident predictions by conventional artificial intelligence (AI) models. In this study, we ai...

Mining of NovelHuman DPP-IV-Targeting Tripeptidesthrough Multicomputational Screening and In Vitro Validation for DiabetesTherapy

Abstract Inhibition of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (hDPP-IV) is considered an effective strategy in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the lack of high-throughput screening approaches and the high cost of experimental evaluation have limited the discovery of pept...

Human interaction with viscoelastic matter

Research on human perception of materials that are either strictly liquid or solid in nature is abundant. However, most real materials with which we interact are viscoelastic, meaning their behavior while probing depends on probing force and time itself, giving a complex, multi-d...

Genome folding and nuclear speckles converge to orchestrate fibroblast activation

Fibroblasts adopt diverse cell states in response to inductive cues to maintain tissue homeostasis. We leveraged this cell-state plasticity to define how genome organization contributes to changes in cellular identity. We show that TGF-β reconfigures topologically associating dom...

Addressing barriers to using fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medications: lessons from the Million Hearts initiative

In the United States, 119.9 M adults have hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg [ 1 ]. Among this group, 67.9 M adults have uncontrolled high blood pressure and are recommended to be on antihypertensive medications according to clinical guidelines. Of those with un...

Apical extracellular matrix development

The apical extracellular matrix (aECM) plays crucial roles during morphogenesis and forms the interface through which tissues communicate with the environment. The aECM exhibits complex molecular composition and structure, including multi-layered organization, localized cell-type...

Potent type-specific de novo antibodies complement broadly reactive imprinted antibodies in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants

Abstract For rapidly mutating viruses such as influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune memory recalled by antigenically drifted variants primarily comprises antibodies that cross-react to the priming strain rather than de novo eli...

The hematology workforce in the United States: past, present, and strategies for the future

From 2017-2021, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) completed the largest study ever conducted of the hematology workforce in the United States (US). The study highlighted a deficit in the classical hematology (CH) workforce: despite very high CH clinical volumes encountered...

Time-Varying Effects of Valacyclovir Prophylaxis in the Zoster Eye Disease Study

Importance The Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) supports consideration of suppressive valacyclovir for 1 year to reduce risk of recurrent keratitis or iritis in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Although the primary outcome did not show benefit of suppressive valacyc...

Spontaneous ChlorineGeneration via Interfacial Oxidationof Chloride by O2 on Acidic Microdroplets

Abstract Reactive chlorine species significantly influence atmospheric chemistry, yet their sources remain inadequately defined. We have discovered a spontaneous formation pathway for substantial molecular chlorine (Cl2) from the oxidation of chloride (Cl–) through interfacial ox...

Eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes competitive dynamics in an orchard fly system

The feedback between competition and evolution is central to hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of species diversity. Yet, whether competition-induced evolution is sufficiently rapid, consistent, and strong to maintain diversity on ecological timescales remains unresolve...

A generalized supervised contrastive learning framework for integrative multi-omics prediction models

Abstract Recent technological advances have highlighted the significant impact of the human microbiome and metabolites on physiological conditions. Integrating microbiome and metabolite data has shown promise in predictive capabilities. We developed a new supervised contrastive l...

Geometric Engineeringof Flat Bands in a Single-LayerPhotonic Graphene

Abstract Photonic flat-bands offer significant potential for light–matter interactions and nonlinear optics, thanks to their localization of light and high density of states. However, realizing flat-bands requires intricate fabrication, alignment, and/or specialized geometries. H...

Perspectives on an Intervention to Increase Confidence in Newborn RSV Immunoprophylaxis

OBJECTIVES Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis is efficacious, yet uptake is low in comparison with other recommended newborn interventions. We aimed to identify barriers to and enablers of implementation of an intervention in the well newborn unit to increase par...

Moving Upstream: Perinatal Cash Transfers as a Tool to Address Inequities in Birth Outcomes

The United States has an exceptionally high preterm birth rate, which features inequities that impact many Black, Indigenous, and Pacific Islander families. Unconditional perinatal cash transfers, which offer cash assistance to pregnant and postpartum women with no strings attach...