Harvard University

Designing clinical AI for patient-centered support beyond the visit: the PACT framework for health systems

Clinical AI has advanced rapidly for bounded in-visit tasks such as prediction, documentation, and message generation, yet many costly failures in care occur outside the encounter when follow-up, handoffs, and communication break down. We argue that the next challenge for clinica...

Carrying Firearms and Suicide Risk Among Adolescents

Importance Firearms are the most lethal method of suicide across all ages, with case fatality rates exceeding 90%, warranting urgent public health concern. Understanding how carrying of firearms by adolescents and suicide risk vary by race and ethnicity and by stringency of state...

Epigenetic changes reveal that vitamin B12 intake is associated with lower insulin resistance in older adults

Abstract Background Dietary choices influence both risk and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise mechanisms remain incompletely described. Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviors can alter epigenetic states with subsequent modulations on gene expression which then...

Activation of the angiotensin II type I receptor by a nonpeptide agonist

The angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) is a G protein–coupled receptor that regulates the cardiovascular system and as a result is one of the most successful pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. Within the angiotensin receptor pharmacological landscape, a...

A non-neuronal fMRI signal: both a confound and an opportunity for insight

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to investigate brain function. However, interpretation of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal is complicated by the fact that it reflects both neuronal activity and vascular physiology. This problem i...

Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular vs Open Surgery for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Importance: Choosing between endovascular and open (bypass) surgical revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia has major implications for clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of endovascular vs bypass surgical revascularization. Design, S...

Survey Authentication Challenges During a Geriatrics Knowledge Assessment Pilot

ABSTRACT Background In this methodological Brief Report, we describe a multi‐institutional survey authentication challenge encountered during pilot deployment of the Age‐Friendly Knowledge Assessment Tool (AF‐KAT), a geriatrics knowledge assessment for graduating medical students...

MedKGent: a large language model agent framework for constructing temporally evolving medical knowledge graph

The rapid expansion of medical literature challenges the scalable structuring of domain knowledge. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a solution, yet current construction methods lack generalizability and ignore the temporal dynamics of evolving knowledge. To address this, we introduce...

Childhood‐Onset Movement Disorders at the Forefront: From Genes to Precision Therapy

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other...

Neddylation of NFATc1 and Runx2 regulates osteoclast–osteoblast balance and represents a dual-action therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) arises from a bone remodeling imbalance in which osteoclast-mediated resorption exceeds osteoblast-driven formation. However, current therapies primarily target osteoclasts without restoring osteoblast function, underscoring the need for mechani...

Intact Visual Correlation Detection in Autistic Adults

The ability to detect recurring temporal co-occurrence, or temporal correlation, of sensory events is fundamental for organizing perceptual input into coherent representations. Although past work has revealed differences across several aspects of temporal processing in autism, it...

A Gap Analysis of Deep Brain Stimulation for Childhood‐Onset Movement Disorders

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established and increasingly utilized therapy for childhood-onset movement disorders. However, pediatric DBS poses unique challenges that are not adequately addressed by adult-derived paradigms. OBJECTIVE: To identify key gaps in the...

Inflammatory Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a potentially debilitating outcome following breast cancer treatment. Much attention has been given to preventive and curative strategies for BCRL. Patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) are at particularly increased...

Access to Anticancer Drug Trials for Adolescents With Cancer in the United States

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with cancer are generally underrepresented in clinical trials. The extent to which cancer drug clinical trials have become more age inclusive over time is not clear. METHODS: We utilized ClinicalTrials.gov to identify cancer drug trials from 2005 to 2025 i...

Individualized statin associated type 2 diabetes risk estimation with a deep causal model

Statin therapy reduces cardiovascular risk, but recorded statin exposure is associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) in some populations. Individualized risk estimation and separation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-mediated from non-LDL components remain c...

Effect of time to palliative epilepsy surgery on outcomes

Abstract Objective Epilepsy duration is a modifiable risk factor in the outcome of definitive epilepsy surgery; however, an analogous effect in palliative procedures has not been shown. We reviewed the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Database data for an association between epilepsy d...

Patient engagement, acceptability, and preference of artificial intelligence versus human coaching for diabetes prevention

Artificial intelligence-powered lifestyle interventions may expand access to behavioral change support, but patient experience remains critical to real-world uptake and effectiveness. In a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity ( N...

A systematic review of environmental factors in AI-based fall risk prediction models for community-dwelling older adults

Falls commonly occur in home environments, where conditions can increase fall risk. Identification and mitigation of environmental hazards are critical components of fall prevention. However, artificial intelligence (AI)-based fall prediction models have largely focused on indivi...

Cost‐Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Non‐Functioning Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Purpose This systematic review tests the hypothesis that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for benign non‐functioning thyroid nodules is associated with favourable cost‐effectiveness compared with surgery. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search of multiple data...

Diabetic and ER-stressed pancreatic islet β cells are in need of some JNK removal

Pancreatic β cells regulate glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion, but nutrient overload and genetic defects can trigger ER stress and apoptosis, contributing to type 2 diabetes. Within β cells, the kinases PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR...