Harvard University

World model for robot learning: A comprehensive survey

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have advanced rapidly with the rise of foundation m...

Globalization, Capital Taxation, and Development: Evidence from a Macrohistorical Database

This paper builds and analyzes a new global macrohistorical database of effective tax rates on capital and labor in 154 countries. We establish a new stylized fact: While effective capital tax rates fell in developed countries between 1965 and 2018, they rose in developing countr...

MRI Characteristics of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease

Importance Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a demyelinating disease distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central t...

Lifetime History of Concussion in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for concussion. Sociodemographic differences in health literacy and access to health care might contribute to race-associated differences in concussion among children. This study i...

Apparent Stability in Self‐Gravitating Turbulence and the Evolution of Molecular Clouds

ABSTRACT Recent observations of hydrostatic structure and virial equilibrium in supersonically turbulent, self‐gravitating molecular clouds imply a stability that contrasts with the transcience of turbulent structure. To investigate this contradiction, we model a molecular cloud...

Women, Medicine, and AI

This Viewpoint examines the relationship between women in the health care workforce and artificial intelligence (AI) and highlights opportunities for women to influence the design and use of AI in health care.

Hearts too small for body size after doxorubicin for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Grinch Syndrome

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors. We assessed the very long-term cardiac structure and function of adult survivors of childhood leukemia treated with anthracycline-based therapy. One hundred fifteen patients with hig...

Serum NfL predicts visual recovery and neuronal loss after optic neuritis

Optic neuritis, a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis, involves acute axonal injury and variable visual recovery. We evaluated whether serum neurofilament light chain predicts visual and structural outcomes after first-episode optic neuritis. Fifty-one patients (mean age =...

Patents on Small-Molecule Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 1990-2019

Importance Patent protection allows pharmaceutical companies to charge high prices for prescription drugs during periods of market exclusivity, and their expiration usually defines when generic competitors can enter the US market. Patents on drug active ingredients are classified...

Policy and Design Considerations for Most-Favored-Nation Drug Pricing

This Viewpoint discusses most-favored-nation drug pricing and how to strengthen this type of drug pricing in Medicare.

Money, Time, and Grant Design

We conduct survey experiments to test how the design of scientific grants—the money and time awarded—can be used to manage researchers. On average, researchers are relatively unwilling to trade off money for time when choosing among grants. However, there is significant heterogen...

Practical considerations for characterization of the external exposome in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias cohorts

Abstract External exposome research offers opportunities to evaluate complex relationships between multiple environmental determinants of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, selecting specific exposure domains, identifying metrics, and downloading, processi...

Suicidal Behavior After Severe Trauma. Part 2: The Association Between Methods of Torture and of Suicidal Ideation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This second part of the study on suicidal behavior after severe trauma investigates the relationship between specific methods of torture and the content of suicidal ideation among refugees diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study comprised 65 refugees with...

mRNA Therapeutics for Skin Rejuvenation: From Aging Atlases to Clinical Translation

ABSTRACT Skin aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive decline of tissue structure, function and regenerative capacity. Although numerous interventions have been developed to improve the clinical manifestations of aging, most primarily alleviate downstre...

A Versatile DNA‐Encoded Library Platform for the Discovery of Highly Cooperative Chemical Inducers of Proximity

ABSTRACT Chemical‐induced proximity, particularly via molecular glues, represents a rapidly advancing therapeutic paradigm. Expanding the scope of proximity‐based therapeutics requires generalizable discovery platforms that can be easily tailored to diverse presenter proteins. He...

Lubah‐lubah: An invitation to soften and slow down

Abstract Recalling lubah‐lubah , a practice of elders observed during fieldwork in Borneo and from childhood, an anthropologist comes to see how this Iban ethos of softening and slowing down can teach us to read and write the world anew—and to live in it otherwise.

Real‐Time Monitoring of Mass and Mechanical Properties in Single Cells and Multicellular Spheroids

ABSTRACT Cell state, growth, and mechanics are tightly connected properties underpinned by fundamental biological processes. Yet methods to quantify them simultaneously under physiologically relevant conditions, at resolutions sufficient to follow (sub)cellular processes, are sti...

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Collaborating with Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

Palliative care (PC) and consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry are complementary clinical disciplines that frequently care for the same patients facing serious illness complicated by psychiatric symptoms, psychological distress, neuropsychiatric syndromes, and high-stakes medical...

Lightning Source of Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) Inferred From Geostationary Satellites: Global Implications for Oxidant Chemistry

Abstract Lightning is a major source of nitrogen oxide radicals (NO x ≡ NO + NO 2 ), but large uncertainties in NO x yields per flash hinder accurate quantification of emissions and impacts on oxidant chemistry. We use 1 year of concurrent geostationary satellite observations of...

Cancer survivors’ sleep outcomes across cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia

Background Insomnia is a frequent and distressing concern for cancer survivors and is often associated with increased risk for depression and anxiety. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been established as an effective treatment, brief, virtually deliv...