Harvard University

Prioritizing Global Health Education in Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowships: An Applicant Survey

Abstract Background Global Health (GH) is expanding, offering an increasing number of opportunities for engagement to trainees in medical schools and residency programs. This expansion of opportunities has not yet reached those at the fellowship level, particularly in Critical Ca...

Widespread Loss of Heterozygosity and Endoreduplication in Odontogenic Myxoma

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is an uncommon, locally aggressive odontogenic neoplasm with characteristic histologic and clinico-radiographic features but with potential for histologic overlap with other odontogenic and non-odontogenic entities and a non-specific immunoprofile. Widespr...

The impact of a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention on postpartum physical activity among predominantly Puerto Rican women with overweight and obesity: Proyecto Mamá

Engaging in physical activity during pregnancy decreases the risk of gestational diabetes and excessive weight gain, thereby reducing postpartum risk of type 2 diabetes and postpartum weight retention. Such long-term adverse health outcomes disproportionately affect Hispanic wome...

Black boxes in black hole imaging

We investigate the epistemic opacity of computer simulations and machine learning methods in the context of black hole imaging. We argue that there are forms of opacity—including opacity resulting from the use of machine learning—which do not need to affect the reliability of an...

Signaturesof Black Hole Spin in Horizon-Scale Polarimetry

The angular momentum of a black hole, usually expressed in terms of a dimensionless “spin,” both shapes the strong-field spacetime and provides a reservoir of rotational energy that can be exchanged with surrounding plasma. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) has now begun t...

Serum Chloride Trajectories and Acute Kidney Injury in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis

OBJECTIVES: To characterize serum chloride (Cl) burden during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), examine associations between Cl metrics and creatinine-defined acute kidney injury (CDAKI) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and to assess the relationship between initial beta-hydroxybuty...

Short‐Term Changes in General and Central Adiposity and Subsequent Cardiometabolic Risk in Japanese Adults Undergoing Routine Health Screening

ABSTRACT Objective Annual health screening provides repeated measurements of body mass index (BMI) and waist‐based indices, but the implications of short‐term changes in general and central adiposity for cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. We examined whether 1‐year changes in B...

Pre-Diagnostic Plasma Endogenous Steroids and the Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma

Purpose: Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) is the most common secondary glaucoma. Prior studies suggest a higher incidence in women and links to reproductive history, implying estrogen-related pathways. Metabolomic data also indicated inverse associations with steroid-related plasma met...

MPNN-Guided Redesign of PET Hydrolases with Enhanced Catalytic Activity below the PET Glass Transition Temperature

Abstract Enzymatic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) presents a sustainable route for plastic circularity, but its industrial viability is disadvantaged by the need for thermostable enzymes active under mild, energy-efficient conditions. While polyester hydrola...

Land Radiative Management Increases Heat Stress in Some Humid Regions

Abstract Heat stress may exceed human physiological limits this century in hot and humid regions. Land radiative management (LRM), a geoengineering strategy that increases surface albedo, aims to reduce heat stress. However, previous work has shown that LRM suppresses rainfall in...

Developing a health values framework for patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a qualitative exploration through the lens of social determinants of health

Abstract Background Despite global calls for the advancement of patient-centered care, care planning often remains poorly aligned with patients’ lived social contexts and core values. This study aimed to understand what matters most to patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metaboli...

Sex & Gender Science: integrating the social with the biological

Abstract For decades, researchers have largely studied aspects of sex and gender separately; the former as a basic science and the latter as a social construct with real world consequences, including health inequities. In recent years, as our collective understanding of how the b...

The effect of number of children on loneliness: a nationally-representative instrumental-variable study in India

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of the number of children on loneliness among older parents in India. Methods We used nationally representative data from Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). Our analytical sample comprised...

Management of Adverse Events Associated with MET TKIs in Patients with Advanced NSCLC: A Podcast Discussion

MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping is observed in approximately 3–4% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These patients are typically older and may or may not have a history of tobacco use. Several small molecule MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been develo...

Artificial intelligence in clinical trials—state of the evidence, gaps, and next steps

Artificial intelligence (AI) affects clinical trials in two distinct but overlapping ways: as the intervention under evaluation and as infrastructure supporting trial design, recruitment, monitoring, endpoint assessment, analysis, and reporting. In this manuscript, we define AI-a...

Intraoperative Botulinum Toxin and Sialocele Incidence After Parotidectomy

ABSTRACT Objectives Postoperative sialocele is a complication of parotidectomy and, in some cases, may require multiple follow‐ups or necessitate needle aspiration. The purpose of this study was to assess whether intraoperative botulinum toxin A injection is associated with decre...

Neurotransmitters as regulators of autoimmunity: mechanisms and translational targeting

Autoimmune diseases arise from sustained breakdown of immune tolerance, chronic activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and progressive tissue damage. Although cytokines, antigen receptor signaling, and genetic susceptibility have traditionally been considered the pri...

A HUWE1 regulatory helix gates ASCL1 degradation through its C-terminal phospho-degron in small cell lung cancer

Lineage-defining transcription factors are key oncogenic drivers but remain difficult to target pharmacologically due to the absence of ligandable pockets. The molecular rules governing substrate recognition by large HECT ubiquitin ligases also remain incompletely understood, lim...

Large Language Models (LLMs) vs Manual Chart Review for Assessing Goal-Concordant Care: An Exploratory Study

BackgroundEvidence that advance care planning (ACP) improves goal-concordant care (GCC) remains limited. Challenges are lack of reproducible operational definition of GCC and labor-intensive nature of manual chart review.ObjectivesDevelop a structured approach to adjudicating GCC...

Microglial GRB2 is essential for brain ventriculogenesis and CSF homeostasis

Microglia play essential yet poorly understood roles in brain development, including axon guidance, regulation of neurogenesis, and pruning of neuronal projections. Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles, is a leading...