Harvard University

Mechanism-Targeted Therapy in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Aligning New Treatment Modalities with Pathophysiological Endotypes

Advances in Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) technology, including novel pressure algorithms such as Kairos PAP, aim to improve comfort without compromising efficacy. Pharmacologic therapies have emerged as viable options, with tirzepatide demonstrating substantial reductions in ap...

Structural basis for regulating lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transport

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a multilayered cell envelope with a mostly impermeable outer membrane that provides intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics1–5. The outer membrane is an asymmetrical bilayer with phospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (...

Innovative application of pressure gradient measurement in internal carotid stenosis in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (NOTICE-CAS): study protocol for a randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial

Atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA-S) is among the significant causes of ischemic stroke. Current noninvasive imaging techniques often lack the precision to accurately determine hemodynamic significance. Although carotid artery stenting (CAS) is benefici...

A systematic review of hydrocephalus and psychiatric comorbidities in children and adults with spina bifida

Spina bifida in children and adults is accompanied by substantial psychiatric comorbidity. Hydrocephalus is a common complication of spina bifida and is associated with functional and cognitive deficits, but the role of hydrocephalus in psychiatric comorbidities of spina bifida i...

Reproductive Privacy Risk Disclosure in US Clinical Trial Informed Consent Forms After the Dobbs Decision

This study examines the practice of pregnancy information disclosure by trial participants in the post– Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization US health research setting.

Potential health impacts and costs of active case finding guided by Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey results in Blantyre, Malawi: A mathematical modeling study

Background Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) can reduce transmission, yet efficient targeting requires high-quality surveillance data. We investigated the potential costs and impact of targeted ACF, guided by local estimates of the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI)...

Epigenetic insights into extreme longevity in the world’s oldest terrestrial animal, Jonathan

Aldabra giant tortoises ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ) are exceptionally long-lived. We sequenced the genome and methylome of Jonathan, a 194-year-old Aldabra, to explore the molecular basis of his longevity. Relative to other giant tortoises ( A. gigantea and Chelonoidis abingdonii...

CGM-derived disposition index estimates beta cell function in individuals with islet autoimmunity who do not require insulin treatment; changes in the disposition index precede changes identified by CGM metrics 1 year later

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Monitoring of beta cell function in individuals with islet autoimmunity who do not require insulin treatment (preclinical type 1 diabetes) is normally done via OGTTs, posing major challenges given the invasiveness of the test. Here, we validated a disposi...

Creating an Ear and Hearing Health Culture for Professional Ear Users: Current Perspectives on Challenges, Management, and Recommendations

Professional ear users (PEUs), including musicians, instrument makers, or sound engineers, depend on highly trained auditory abilities for occupational performance. Given these demands, PEUs may benefit from tailored prevention, diagnostics, and treatment. Ear and hearing disorde...

Impact of Extent of Surgical Resection on Survival in Patients With High-risk Neuroblastoma

Objective: The impact of extent of resection of the primary tumor on outcomes in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) remains uncertain. We evaluated this issue in patients with HRNB treated on a prospective trial of multimodality therapy. Summary of Background Data: Pati...

A multiomic atlas reveals distinct immune landscapes in preterm and term chronic placental inflammation

Chronic placental inflammation (CPI), an umbrella term encompassing chronic chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis, and chronic deciduitis, is associated with preterm birth (PTB), yet its cellular and molecular determinants across gestation remain poorly defined. Here, we constructed...

Human-like content analysis for generative AI with language-grounded sparse encoders

The rapid development of generative AI has transformed content creation, communication, and human development. However, this technology raises profound concerns in high-stakes domains, demanding rigorous methods to analyze and evaluate AI-generated content. While existing analyti...

Deploying Meaningful Medical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence Solutions in the Clinical Field: A Call to Action for Researchers in Cardio-Oncology Informatics

Abstract Rapid advances in oncology care have resulted in a growing population of cancer survivors, many of whom suffer from short- and long-term cancer therapy related cardiovascular toxicities (CTR-CVT). Cardio-oncology aims to diagnose and manage these cardiovascular condition...

Challenges for the effectiveness of infectious disease interventions during global change

Global change, including climate change, land-use change, and increased human mobility, is expected to have complex effects on the transmission, evolution, and emergence of infectious diseases 1 , 2 . Current research agendas aim to understand how these environmental and anthropo...

Multidisciplinary Support for Children With Genodermatoses in Brazil: A RE ‐ AIM Evaluation of Casa Santa Teresinha's Community‐Based Model

ABSTRACT Genodermatoses impose substantial psychosocial and functional burdens on affected children and their families, yet structured community‐based support models remain underrepresented in the literature. We describe Casa Santa Teresinha , a Brazilian non‐profit organization...

Outcomes for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations With Cancer in Traditional Medicare

Importance American Indian and Alaska Native patients represent a uniquely vulnerable population in the US. Epidemiological studies have shown significant health disparities within this group. Contemporary outcomes and utilization studies of cancer in this population could aid in...

Human trilayer engineered blood vessel reveals influence of fibroblasts on disease progression in model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria

In vitro models of vascular disease have focused primarily on the pathophysiology of smooth muscle cell (SMC) or endothelial cell (EC). Adventitial fibroblasts can contribute to disease progression, but their specific influence is not well understood in different disease contexts...

The Framework for Policy Decision on the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: the use of emerging data to inform global policy on the first malaria vaccine

The World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme (MVIP) supported pilot introductions of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine by the ministries of health through the childhood immunization programmes in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi from 2019 through 2...

Prognostic implications of complications during VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock

PURPOSE: Veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides comprehensive cardiopulmonary support in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), but may result in complications. While complications rates are known, their impact on risk of death remains largely unknown. METHODS...

The Left Atrial Appendage: Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Clinical Implications for Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

Abstract Purpose of Review The left atrial appendage (LAA) is nowadays recognized as both an arrhythmogenic substrate and the dominant source of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review we tried to summarize recent data on the anatomy, physiology, and imaging o...