Yale University

Validation of the International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms using the International Consortium for Myelodysplastic Syndromes VALIDATE database and a randomized phase III trial

Response assessment criteria in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) have been updated in the 2023 International Working Group (IWG) criteria. However, validation of these criteria has been limited to date. We analyzed overall survival (OS) by be...

Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment Prevalence, Decision Satisfaction, and Future Need Among Transgender Adults

This survey study documents the prevalence of gender-affirming treatment experiences among adults identifying as transgender in Sweden.

Potential health impacts and costs of active case finding guided by Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey results in Blantyre, Malawi: A mathematical modeling study

Background Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) can reduce transmission, yet efficient targeting requires high-quality surveillance data. We investigated the potential costs and impact of targeted ACF, guided by local estimates of the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI)...

Policing at a Distance: Explaining Suburban Support for Urban Policing

Why would suburban residents use their own tax dollars to fund policing in jurisdictions where they do not live? Two traditions in policing studies generate divergent answers: one treats it as a spatially bounded public good whose support tracks direct benefit, the other as an in...

CGM-derived disposition index estimates beta cell function in individuals with islet autoimmunity who do not require insulin treatment; changes in the disposition index precede changes identified by CGM metrics 1 year later

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Monitoring of beta cell function in individuals with islet autoimmunity who do not require insulin treatment (preclinical type 1 diabetes) is normally done via OGTTs, posing major challenges given the invasiveness of the test. Here, we validated a disposi...

An international multicenter analysis of the outcome of pediatric first variceal hemorrhage

Background & Aims: Management of portal hypertension in children including primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding is controversial due to limited understanding of mortality risk after first variceal hemorrhage (1VH). This international multicenter study was designed to advance...

SLC39-driven zinc influx orchestrates pleiotropic tumor–immune system cross-talk to establish immune suppression in colorectal cancer

Tumor metabolic programs shape immune evasion; however, the mechanism by which nutrient-transport systems rewire tumor-immune cell interactions remains unknown. We integrated bulk multi-omics, single-cell transcriptomics, spatial profiling, and functional assays for colorectal ca...

Economic instability and substance use among adults in 10 US states: Evidence from a population-based study

Background Economic instability may shape substance use (i.e., cigarette use and cannabis use) among the adult population. However, their relationship remains poorly understood. This study estimated the prevalence of economic instability indicators (i.e., employment instability,...

Categorizing differences in postpartum hemorrhage management and associated clinical factors

Abstract Objective To examine whether there is variation in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management and whether differences are associated with patient‐level factors and delivery hospital. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients delivered at ≥20 weeks of gestation...

Tailored speckle illumination microscopy with enhanced sectioning and image quality

Optical speckle patterns have been widely used for illumination in computational imaging, optical sectioning microscopy, and superresolution imaging. However, commonly used speckles satisfy Rayleigh statistics, which are not ideal for diverse imaging applications. Here we tailor...

Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning

Flexible behavior depends on continuous updating of internal models, yet the neural circuits coordinating this process remain poorly understood. The claustrum, which is reciprocally connected to nearly the entire neocortex, is uniquely positioned to influence cortical processing....

Impact of Metformin on the Incidence of Thrombosis in Older Adults with Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocythemia and Diabetes

Individuals with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have an increased thrombotic risk, particularly in the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes (DM). Metformin (MET) has been associated with a reduced incidence of MPNs; however, data on its association with...

Injective attention neural operators for partial differential equations on large-scale problems

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a central role in modeling physical phenomena across science and engineering, including fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, electromagnetics, and multiphysics systems. Repeatedly solving PDEs over varying inputs, geometries, and parameters...

Serum basic amino acids, prolactin, and insomnia severity in perimenopausal individuals: a cross-sectional sub-study

Insomnia symptoms are common during the menopausal transition, but estrogen-centered explanations do not fully account for inter-individual variation. We examined whether serum prolactin was associated with insomnia severity and whether circulating basic amino acids modified this...

Selective sparsity–enhanced synchronization in disordered semiconductor laser networks

Biological networks tend to leverage selective sparsity as an economic strategy to optimize function while minimizing wiring costs. In contrast, achieving synchronization in engineered systems such as semiconductor laser arrays is traditionally expected to require resource-intens...

Empirical transition probability modeling of continuous glucose monitoring data

Introduction Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) produces rich time series data. Standard metrics such as time-in-range summarize glycemia but miss the sequence of changes. We aimed to characterize glucose dynamics using empirical transition probability techniques. Materials and...

Klebsiella pneumoniae from community-acquired infections and an urban river share antimicrobial resistance profiles and high-risk lineages but differ in virulence

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant public health threat, but the relationship between community-acquired (CA) infections and environmental isolates remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether K. pneumoniae from CA infections share micr...

Choosing Not to Eat Meat: What Characterizes Independently Vegetarian Children?

A growing body of research has aimed to map the characteristics of extraordinary altruists-such as those who have donated a kidney to a stranger. However, this research has primarily focused on adults, and we know little about the development of extraordinary altruism. While chil...

Climate-related health and sustainable healthcare activities of U.S. professional medical societies: a mixed-methods analysis

PURPOSE: The authors characterize how U.S. professional medical societies are addressing climate-related health impacts and sustainable healthcare practices, and identify barriers and priorities for advancing a climate-fit healthcare system. METHOD: Ninety-five U.S. medical socie...

From Sprain to End-Stage Osteoarthritis: Why Earlier Intervention in Ankle Cartilage Damage Deserves More Attention

➢ Ankle cartilage damage ranges from osteochondral lesions of the talus to end-stage osteoarthritis. End-stage ankle osteoarthritis has been associated with a health burden comparable with that of major chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure and kidney disease, while p...