Yale University

No significant changes in synaptic density and gray matter volume following motor learning—a pilot study

Abstract In animal neurophysiology, motor learning induces long-term potentiation- and depression-like plasticity. In humans, gray matter volume (GMV) changes, measured non-invasively by MRI, in response to motor learning are interpreted as a surrogate measure of plasticity. Here...

Reducing Inequities in Restraint Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Restraints are used in emergency departments to treat acute agitation and prevent harm but can cause injury. Local data demonstrated racial and ethnic disparities in restraint use. Of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients, 2.7% were physically restra...

Parent–Clinician Communication and End‐of‐Life Preparation in Pediatric Oncology: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed‐Methods Study

PURPOSE: Parental preparedness for their child's end of life (EOL) may lessen perceived suffering and prolonged grief. Although clear communication may support parental preparedness, the specific communication components that influence this process remain poorly understood. This...

Transcriptomic analyses identify TMPRSS4 as a shared biomarker in asthma and atopic dermatitis

Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common chronic inflammatory diseases that often co-occur, but the underlying shared biological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we performed WGCNA analyses on GSE6012 and GSE67472 datasets and identified 24 genes associated with both...

Long-Term Clinical and Economic Impact of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems Use in Pediatric and Adolescents Type 1 Diabetes: Results Across Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems are the recommended standard of care for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) management in children and adolescents, according to latest international guidelines. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of AID systems for p...

Microglial GRB2 is essential for brain ventriculogenesis and CSF homeostasis

Microglia play essential yet poorly understood roles in brain development, including axon guidance, regulation of neurogenesis, and pruning of neuronal projections. Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles, is a leading...

Hydroclimatic-driven pulse enrichment amplifies riverine microplastic export in developing countries

Rivers are key conduits in the global microplastic cycle, but how much they export to ` ocean and what controls this export remain unresolved. Here, we present a global daily dataset of riverine microplastic concentrations and exports and find that rivers delivered far more micro...

The Python simulations of chemistry framework: 10 years of an open-source quantum chemistry project

Over the past decade, the Python-based Simulations of Chemistry Framework (PySCF) has developed into a widely used open-source platform for electronic-structure theory and quantum chemical method development. This article reviews the major advances since the previous overview in...

Friends or foes: Unraveling the tsetse fly-Spiroplasma symbiosis

Tsetse flies ( Glossina spp.) transmit African trypanosomes, the causative agents of human African and African animal trypanosomiases (HAT and AAT, respectively). These neglected tropical diseases impose significant public health and economic burdens across sub-Saharan Africa. Tr...

Transient cartilages and interdigital vasculature organization in the embryonic duck foot

Abstract The evolution of webbed limbs represents a recurrent adaptation to aquatic life in tetrapods, facilitated by the dynamics of embryonic digit development. Digits form at the distal tip of the limb bud as cartilage condensations surrounded by mesenchymal cells, a process d...

Self-Sustaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) Cycle for Spontaneous Surface Hydroxyl Radical Generation

Abstract Advanced oxidation processes are indispensable for water remediation yet face a fundamental activity–selectivity trade-off, where reactive species are competitively quenched by complex aqueous matrices. While surface-confined chemistry, specifically utilizing surface-ads...

Responding With Evidence and Access for Childhood Headaches ( REACH ) study: A comparative effectiveness trial of cognitive behavioral therapy monotherapy versus combined cognitive behavioral therapy–pharmacotherapy with amitriptyline for the prevention of childhood migraine—The study protocol

Migraine is one of the most common chronic health problems in children and adolescents, resulting in high levels of functional disability. Symptoms frequently persist into and impact the course of adulthood for affected individuals. Current practice recommendations include a comb...

A protocol for biodiversity-informed wildlife disease surveillance

Land use and climate change are increasing the risk of spillover of zoonotic disease into human populations. However, we lack actionable information about the prevalence of pathogens in wildlife populations for most of the globe, challenging our ability to implement strategies to...

Met and Unmet Breastfeeding Goals Following Full-Term Deliveries

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of met and unmet prenatal breastfeeding goals and describes and compares individuals with or without these outcomes in a sample of adults who gave birth at full term.

Computer models predict differential dendritic vulnerability with ischemia and spreading depression

Abstract Ischemia, whether abrupt or chronic, limits ATP production and disrupts ATP-dependent homeostatic mechanisms, leading to alterations in both intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations. Inadequate neuronal ATP triggers K + release and increased extracellular K + d...

Stakeholder-informed pre-implementation refinement of a pharmacy-led pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service delivery model in Malaysia

Introduction In 2024, only 3,451 individuals accessed free oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at government clinics in Malaysia, despite an estimated 354,000 key population members who could benefit from PrEP. To inform pre-implementation refinement of a pharmacy-led PrEP s...

Equivalence and Determinism in Light of Topologically-Induced Structure

Abstract Contemporary philosophy of spacetime has thus far focused predominantly on the metrical properties of spacetime, with substantially less attention paid to its topological aspects. In this article, we go some way to rectifying this situation, by introducing philosophers t...

Infectious Adverse Events in Pediatric Paracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices: An Analysis of the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry

Infectious adverse events (IAEs) are common in children supported with paracorporeal ventricular assist devices (VADs). This study aimed to identify risk factors for IAEs from the Advanced Cardiac Therapy Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry. We conducted a retrospective...

Radiology considerations for the PREMIUM study: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of abbreviated MRI versus ultrasound for liver cancer screening in cirrhosis

Abstract This paper describes the rationale and radiology considerations in the implementation of the Preventing Liver Cancer Mortality through Imaging with Ultrasound versus MRI (PREMIUM) study. PREMIUM is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of...

Diagnosis, Indications, Complications, and Technical Considerations for In-office Needle Arthroscopy: A Scoping Review

Purpose Review the diagnostic and therapeutic indications, complications, and technical considerations for the use of In-office needle arthroscopy (IONA). Methods Authors conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE evaluating IONA studies published between June...