Yale University

Enhancing Evidence Generation by Linking Randomized Clinical Trials to Real‐World Data: The INVESTED‐Medicare Linkage Study

Real‐world evidence (RWE) derived from real‐world data (RWD) can complement randomized controlled trials (RCTs), yet the validity of RWD relative to RCT data remains insufficiently characterized. We obtained post hoc consent and linked individual participant data from the US‐base...

Strategies to Promote HIV Self-Testing and Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Among Ghanaian Youth: Results from the Y-FIT GH National Crowdsourcing Open Call

Abstract Crowdsourcing is a participatory problem-solving approach that engages a large and diverse group of individuals to generate ideas or solutions. In HIV prevention, it provides a structured mechanism for involving youth in shaping intervention strategies. The Innovative To...

Elements on the move: How ungulate migration expands Alpine biogeochemical footprints

Through depositing waste products, animals influence the spatial distribution of elements across landscapes. Yet the relationship between animal movement and element distribution remains poorly characterized. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to test how migrato...

Replication of sex differences in tobacco smoking-induced dopamine responses and extension to nicotine replacement therapy

Abstract Introduction Tobacco smoking is a major public health risk, and treatment efficacy differs by sex. Previous imaging studies reported sex differences in smoking-induced striatal dopamine release, but no PET study has independently replicated these findings. We applied a n...

First-Principles Microkinetic Model for Ammonia Synthesis on Fe(110) under Nonequilibrium Programmable Heating and Quenching Operation

Abstract Traditional thermochemical processes typically operate under relatively static conditions, where conventional reactors restrict the time scales over which key reaction parameters (such as temperature) can be varied. Electrification via Joule heating offers a way to overc...

Electrophysiological profiling of exocytosis during early-stage development of the zebrafish lateral line

Abstract Hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line have proven to be a good model for studying hair cell function in a system that is easily genetically manipulated, rapidly develops and is experimentally accessible. However, characterization of potential developmental changes, an...

Les Houches study on inclusive jet production at NNLO+NNLL

Jet production at the LHC is a powerful probe of QCD, making it ideal for precision tests and determinations of QCD parameters such as parton distribution functions and the strong coupling constant. To make the most of the abundant jet production data collected at the LHC, precis...

Hypertension in Young Adults in Nigeria: A Review of Prevalence and Emerging Trends

Abstract Background Hypertension is increasingly being observed among young adults in low- and medium-income countries, including Nigeria. Although national estimates show a rising burden over the last three decades, the extent to which these trends affect younger populations rem...

The metacognitive paradox of OCD: confidence is globally reduced but shows increased sensitivity to local evidence

Confidence is a critical metacognitive signal that guides performance. Biases in confidence, such as excessive doubt, are hallmark features of mental health disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms and how they link...

Closing the Gap From Both Sides: Why Empowering Educators and Researchers Is More Promising Than Engineering a New Field

ABSTRACT The persistent gap between reading science and classroom practice remains one of the most consequential challenges in education. A recent proposal in this issue calls for the creation of a new “engineering of reading” field to bridge this divide. This commentary argues t...

Reproducibility, Replicability, and Research Quality in Homogeneous Catalysis

Abstract Researchers from all sectors of homogeneous catalysis convened in response to concerns regarding reproducibility in science to analyze the issue and provide recommendations. In addition to an in-person workshop, the group engaged the broader homogeneous catalysis communi...

Offline generative network reconfiguration guides insight-like accelerated learning by assimilation into schema in rats

Abstract Complex cross-modal de-novo associative learning generally requires numerous encoding exposures, but acquisition of an underlying mental schema of associative abstract rules enables insight-like accelerated new learning. Reports indicate that post-encoding sleep/rest off...

Impact of Omitting Observation-Status Data on Hospital Readmission Metric for Pediatric Care

OBJECTIVES: Literature from Medicare beneficiaries suggests that hospital readmission metrics limited to inpatient encounters, omitting observation-status data, may not fully capture hospital performance and affect rankings. The impact of omitting observation-status data on this...

Differential analysis of image-based chromatin tracing data with Dory

Spatial organization of the genome plays a vital role in defining cell identity and regulating gene expression. The three-dimensional (3D) genome structure can be measured by sequencing-based techniques such as Hi-C usually on the cell population level or by imaging-based techniq...

Statins Use in Veterans With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PEARLS Study

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend high-intensity statins in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined contemporary use of statins among real-world patients with a new diagnosis of PAD. METHODS: Within a national registry of Veterans with incident PAD, we used phar...

Secondary use and scholarly impact of a portfolio of clinical trials with shared individual participant level data: cross sectional study

Abstract Objective To assess the number, timing, characteristics, and scholarly impact of secondary publications generated using individual participant level data (IPD) from a portfolio of clinical trials shared with external investigators through a data sharing platform. Design...

Metagenome-scale modeling to assess microbiome metabolic complementarity for precision microbiota transplantation therapies

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds therapeutic promise beyond recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, but clinical outcomes remain unpredictable, in part because existing computational models do not fully capture the metabolic compatibility between donor and recip...

Artificial intelligence literacy among U.S. rural medical education students: perceptions, readiness, educational needs, and barriers

Artificial intelligence is increasingly integrated into healthcare. However, formal training in medical education remains limited, especially among Rural Medical Education students. This study examined students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence, their readiness to use it, t...

Coral restoration is only practical when local human pressure levels are low

Abstract Coral reefs are threatened by interacting local (fishing, coastal development) and global (cli-mate change) stressors that degrade coral cover. Adding coral to the reef (coral restoration) is gaining prominence as a management strategy, however it is unclear whether rest...

Robust inference and correlates from genetic associations with personality

Personality traits describe stable differences in how people think, feel and behave, and how they interact with and experience their social and physical environments1,2. Many questions remain unanswered about associations between DNA and personality traits, such as their robustne...