Johns Hopkins University

Reducing Within-Classroom Segregation and the Overuse of Paraeducators

Paraeducators are frequently assigned to work with disabled students as a means of providing access to the general education classroom. However, the provision of a paraeducator does not guarantee equitable access to classroom-based learning opportunities, authentic peer interacti...

Balancing privacy and performance: the impact of facial defacing on AI in medical imaging

Background Recent NIH Data Management and Sharing (DMS) policy updates and NIH controlled-access data security requirements have increased attention to facial anonymization and controlled-access handling of shared head imaging data. This is particularly relevant for datasets subm...

The PMADS project: a longitudinal multimodal cohort study to understand risk for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders

Abstract Background Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are among the most common and consequential complications of pregnancy. The perinatal period is also characterized by profound hormonal fluctuations and large-scale brain plasticity. However, the mechanisms linking...

Rhinosinusitis in Adults Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Anti‐CD20 Therapy: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Immunomodulatory therapies, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors and anti‐CD20 agents, are often used for autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. While infection risk is well recognized, their association with rhinosinusitis r...

Genetic determinants that permit growth without the core septin Cdc12 in Cryptococcus neoformans

Septins are conserved cytoskeletal GTPases that regulate morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell-surface organization in fungi. In most model and pathogenic yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, core septin subunits such as Cdc3 and Cdc12 are essential and...

Cool Citizens? How Affectively Unpolarized Citizens View and Participate in Democracy

Abstract Does affective polarization change how citizens view and participate in democracy? We posit that the answer to this crucial question depends on how affectively un polarized citizens view and participate in democracy. Yet, the most common operationalization of affective p...

Personality pairing improves human–AI collaboration

Here we examine how AI agent “personalities” interact with human personalities to shape human–AI collaboration and performance. In a large-scale, preregistered randomized experiment, we paired 1,258 participants with AI agents prompted to exhibit varying levels of the Big Five pe...

Resection Margin Status, Recurrence Pattern, and Salvageability After Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Abstract Background The prognostic significance of margin status after colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) resection remains debated in the era of effective systemic therapy. This study examined the prognostic meaning of microscopically positive (R1) margins, focusing on recurrenc...

Modernizing the Institutional Review Board Process for Implementation Science – A Narrative Review of Barriers and Ethical Considerations

Abstract Purpose of Review This review highlights the barriers and facilitators that implementation science studies face in the institutional review board (IRB) approval pathway and provides recommendations on how to potentially streamline this process. Recent findings Significan...

From Locked Out to Opting in: How the Cures Act Reshaped Medicare Advantage Utilization for Beneficiaries With End‐Stage Kidney Disease

OBJECTIVE: To describe how the characteristics of Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) changed after the 21st Century Cures Act expanded MA eligibility, and to document accompanying changes in utilization. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: The 2021 C...

Schizophrenia: advances in pathophysiology, management, and precision medicine

Abstract Schizophrenia is a common and severe mental condition with onset usually in late adolescence and young adulthood. Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors with significant neurodevelopmental implications. Advances in the clin...

Gaps in Breast Reconstruction Patient Educational Resources: Comparing Patient and Surgeon Perspectives

Abstract Breast reconstruction is an important component of cancer care following mastectomy, improving psychosocial well-being and quality of life. However, not all patients are satisfied with their outcomes. Patient satisfaction with preoperative information is a strong predict...

Toward a Deeper Understanding of Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Subgroup Fairness and Predictive Value of Social Determinants of Health

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association's Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events model offers a modern, race-free approach to risk prediction, but its subgroup fairness and the added value of social determinants of health (SDOH) remain underexplored. METHODS: To eval...

Impact of Response to Hypomethylating Agent‐Based Therapy on Survival Outcomes in the Context of Baseline Clinical‐Molecular Risk and Transplant Status in Patients With Higher‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms: An analysis From the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS)

Baseline IPSS-M risk, response to hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, and receipt of allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) have all been individually shown to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the prognostic impact of re...

Rebalancing mitochondrial dynamics restores succinate dehydrogenase activity and reduces succinate release in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics in cancer cells perturbs mitochondrial function and metabolism and promotes cancer progression. Its impacts on the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, and glycolysis are well recognized. However, its...

Intracranial delivery of neuron-preferential lipid nanoparticles for gene-editing activity in mouse brain

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising non-viral vectors for central nervous system (CNS) gene therapy, but effective delivery is limited by the blood-brain barrier and cell-type specificity. Here, we combined intracranial delivery with high-throughput, cluster-based screening...

The AWAKEN wind farm benchmark – Part 2: Modeling results

Abstract. Accurately modeling wind farm performance in complex atmospheric flows remains a challenge. This paper presents the modeling results of the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) wind farm benchmark, a collaborative effort involving 16 research groups from academia and indus...

Pilot study comparing the effects of high dose THC to high dose psilocybin and placebo in the set and setting of a classic psychedelic therapy session

RATIONALE: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has been reported to evoke psychedelic-like experiences at high doses in some individuals. However, the doses of Δ9-THC that occasion such effects and the phenomenology of these experiences are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This b...

STcompare: comparative spatial transcriptomics data analysis of structurally matched tissues to characterize differentially spatially patterned genes

Abstract Motivation Comparative analysis of spatial transcriptomics (ST) data is needed to identify genes that spatially change in their expression patterns between conditions, such as in diseased versus healthy tissues. Existing methods generally fail to distinguish changes in s...

Proteomic Immune Signatures of Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis From Uganda

Abstract Objective Severe tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of critical illness and death in people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. Despite this, the immunopathology of severe HIV-associated TB (HIV/TB) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify an immunopathologic signature o...