Johns Hopkins University

Psychiatric and substance use disorder polygenic scores are associated with the exposome in youth

Abstract Gene-environment correlations (rGE) present challenges for accurately estimating the individual and joint contributions of genetic and environmental influences on risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. The present study examined rGE between polygenic risk scor...

Physical origins of speed control in swimming fishes

The linear relationship between tail-beat frequency and swimming speed in fish, first described by Bainbridge in 1958, has since been confirmed in species as disparate as eels and tuna. Dimensional scaling has explained why linearity should emerge at high Reynolds numbers, but th...

Toward clinically actionable lupus biomarkers: a roadmap for research, validation, and translation

Abstract Despite advances in lupus biomarker research, clinical translation has remained limited, leading to delayed diagnosis, imprecise disease monitoring, and trial-and-error treatment approaches. This roadmap, developed by the Lupus Research Alliance’s Biomarker Roadmap Commi...

An Anti‐Amyloidogenic Approach to Specifically Block Memory Consolidation in Mice for Therapeutic Intervention

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder triggered by exposure to a traumatic event, which manifests with anguish, intrusive memories, and negative mood changes. So far, there is no efficient treatment for PTSD other than symptomatic palliative care. Howe...

Multidomain Post-Concussive Symptom Trajectories and Biopsychosocial Correlates Following Pediatric Concussion

IMPORTANCE: Understanding how post-concussive symptoms (PCS) evolve across multiple domains and how these patterns relate to biopsychosocial factors is critical for identifying children at risk of prolonged recovery following concussion. OBJECTIVE: To identify clinically meaningf...

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Medial Aspect of the Temporomandibular Joint Region

ABSTRACT Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region is the most superolateral aspect of exposure via an endonasal corridor, while studies regarding the endonasal approach to this specific region are lacking. This study aimed to provide a detailed step‐by‐step surgical te...

Pediatric Mental Health Screening Practices Across Health Systems: A Multistate Survey

Despite an ongoing youth mental health crisis, mental health screening practices by pediatric health systems are unknown. The aim of the current study is to describe mental health screening practices in pediatric health systems and identify potential targets for improvement. Pedi...

From plan to plate: Assessing food systems and equity considerations in historical and contemporary comprehensive plans from four U.S. cities

Urban planning is a structural driver of health, shaping environments that influence everyday activities and resources that can enable or inhibit health, including food systems. Yet, the extent to which comprehensive plans support equity and how this has evolved remains underexpl...

Prescription Denials For GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Across Commercial, Medicare, And Medicaid Coverage, 2018–2024

Structured Abstract Background Access to GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) remains strongly shaped by payer coverage and utilization management. Patient-level evidence on GLP-1 RA denial across payer types is limited. Methods Using a national multi-payer claims database capturi...

Early Childhood Teachers’ Beliefs and Self-Reported Practices for Gifted Children in China: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Findings on the teacher belief–practice relationship are mixed and highly context-dependent. In gifted education, direct evidence is limited and inconsistent across study designs and settings, especially in regions where gifted education is still underdeveloped. In this study, a...

Polymer-Linked Nanoparticle Networks Running on Heat Can Act as Computing Devices

Abstract Developing physical neural network (PNN) hardwares is important to next-generation artificial intelligence systems. Phononic devices─using heat current to encode and process information─is one of the solutions to neuromorphic computing. In this work, we backmap an artifi...

Laparoscopic and Robotic Device Malfunction: A Scoping Review

Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries have become the gold standard for many operations. Device malfunctions during these procedures represent a preventable source of patient harm; however, the trends in malfunction reporting and their implications for surveillance systems, surgical...

Cross-sectional Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Estimates in a U.S. Cohort of Black and Latina Transgender Women with HIV

Background: Transgender women with HIV face higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. However, ASCVD risk estimators use binary sex variables that may misclassify their risk. We examined the effects of sex variable inputs in the P...

Surgical and Radiographic Outcomes in Cervical Deformity Patients with High T1 Slope and High C2 Slope (HTHC) Versus Low T1 Slope and High C2 Slope (LTHC)

Study Design. Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter operative cervical deformity (CD) database. Objective. To determine whether T1 slope (T1S) and C2 slope (C2S) together identify distinct CD phenotypes: cervical-only versus global sagittal deformity, and to compare...

Sex work or male-with-male sexual activity and the risks of HIV and hepatitis C acquisition among people who inject drugs: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) may engage in sexual behaviours that increase their HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk, including sex work and male-with-male sexual activity. We undertook a global systematic review to assess whether PWID who engage in these behaviours...

Exploration of the genetic architecture of ANCA-associated vasculitis

Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a complex autoimmune disease with distinct clinical and serological subtypes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several susceptibility loci, particularly within the major h...

Constraining Dust Formation in the Superluminous Supernova 2017gci with JWST Observations

Abstract We present JWST/MIRI observations of the Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) 2017gci obtained over 2000 rest-frame days after the supernova (SN) exploded, which represent the latest phase images taken of any known SLSN to date. We find that archival Wide-field Infrared...

A Prospective Randomized Trial to Assess Early versus Delayed Weight Bearing Following Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures in the United States

OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety of early versus delayed weight bearing and effectiveness for improving return-to-work following ankle fracture repair. METHODS: Design : Prospective randomized study. Setting: 19 United States Trauma Centers Patient Selection Criteria: Adult pa...

Joint Optimization of Retrieval-Augmented KV Caching and Adaptive Speculative Decoding for Autoregressive Generation

Abstract Retrieval-assisted key–value (KV) reuse and speculative decoding remove different costs, but their naive composition can leave draft and verification overhead after prefill is shortened. RAKV-ASD combines exact causal prefix validation with a measured controller that sel...

Near-random behavior in strategic games

Humans struggle to produce random behavior when asked to do so, leading some to suggest that our ability to randomize is attenuated (or even absent). Here, we demonstrate that the capacity for random behavior is much greater than previously acknowledged: Humans can behave in (nea...