Johns Hopkins University

Psychoactive Medication Prescribing After Critical Illness in American Adults Not Justified by a Documented Supporting Diagnosis

Objectives: To describe psychoactive medication (PM) prescribing in the 30 days after an ICU admission requiring mechanical ventilation not supported by a documented diagnosis in American adults not prescribed a PM before ICU admission. This nondiagnostically supported PM prescri...

Hypothalamic prolactin receptor+ dopaminergic neurons regulate energy metabolism and nociceptive threshold in mice during lactation

Women during lactation undergo significant bone loss and metabolic changes. However, the underlying mechanisms in the brain remain unclear. Herein, we found that prolactin receptor (PRLR)+ neurons in the hypothalamus control lactation physiology and metabolism in mice. Prolactin...

Phong‐Rodrigues Extrinsic Vector‐Field Processing

Abstract We introduce a new extrinsic discretization of tangent vector fields on triangle meshes that is continuous, with bounded derivatives that are continuous almost everywhere, supporting pointwise evaluation and integration of differential operators. We achieve this by build...

Translational insights and clinical challenges of targeting cancer stem cells

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cell subsets with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and tumor-initiating capacity that sustain cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and relapse. Targeting CSCs therefore represents a promising route to improve the durab...

Perspectives on Drug Treatment Among Indigenous Peoples in Recovery Residing in the Northern Midwest United States

Objective: Evidence-based drug treatment is a vital component of an effective response to substance use inequities in the United States (US). Unfortunately, many drug treatment models were developed in western contexts and may fail to account for Indigenous cultures and values. T...

Single-cell profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diverse men with prostate cancer reveals a fatal disease-associated immune signature

Abstract Alterations in peripheral immunity may contribute to fatal prostate cancer and the excessive disease burden among African American (AA) men. Thus, we investigated peripheral immunity in prostate cancer patients in association with disease outcome and AA descent. We perfo...

Aphasia treatment research: a decision-making tool to guide the design of phased trials from the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs) trials for aphasia panel

Background Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials with meta-analyses indicate that speech and language therapy for aphasia after stroke is effective in improving communication. However, high-quality evidence to identify an intervention’s target population (who), regim...

Adapting in-cell ELISA to investigate the localization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins

The development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines remains challenging due to extensive viral genetic diversity and the complex biology of the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which are major targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies and are associated with spontaneous viral c...

Doing Constructivist Grounded Theory Well: A Practical Guide for Hospitalists

Grounded theory offers rich possibilities for health-related qualitative research, yet it is frequently misunderstood. Grounded theory is not simply a coding method, but a rigorous methodological approach, with core elements impacting the entire research process, whose goal is to...

Impact of data quality on deep learning prediction of spatial transcriptomics from histology images

Abstract Background Spatial transcriptomic technologies enable high-throughput quantification of gene expression at specific locations across tissue sections, facilitating insights into the spatial organization of biological processes. However, high costs associated with these te...

An analysis of educational sector mixing among US homeschooling families from three waves of the national household education survey

Conceptual frameworks and policies about homeschooling often assume that families homeschool either all or none of their children because the decision to homeschool is based on the belief that homeschooling is the normative means to educate one’s children. Thus, the practice of s...

Physician Perceptions of Particulate Versus Non-Particulate Steroids in Epidural Steroid Injections

Background Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are widely used for the treatment of chronic spinal pain, particularly in cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Corticosteroids used in ESIs are broadly classified as particulate or non-particulate formulations, each with distinct safety...

Platelet-Rich Plasma Facet Joint Injections for Post-Traumatic Lumbar Facet-Mediated Pain: A Two-Patient Case Report

Background Lumbar facet-mediated pain is a common contributor to axial low back pain and may occur after traumatic or mechanical injury, even when advanced imaging demonstrates only mild degenerative or nonspecific findings. Standard interventional treatment pathways often includ...

Comprehensive Analysis of US Health Care Spending on Injuries

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury affects every age group, payer, and care setting in the United States, yet how injury-related spending distributes across these dimensions has not been comprehensively quantified. OBJECTIVE: To estimate US health care spending on injuries in 2022 by m...

Zippers and Twisters: Planes of Satellite Galaxies Emerge from Whirling and Shocking Gas Streams in the Cosmic Web

Abstract We investigate dwarf satellite systems around massive centrals analogs (Milky Way to Centaurus A) in the NewHorizon simulation. Using simple estimators limiting overdetection, we identify planes of satellites comparable to observations in 30%–70% of cases. The full sampl...

Obstetric pharmacogenomics

Pregnancy profoundly alters drug disposition through dynamic physiologic adaptations affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Although pharmacogenomics has transformed precision therapeutics across multiple medical specialties, its application during pregnan...

Transplant Infectious Diseases Work Standards—Results From a Mid‐Atlantic Regional Survey

BACKGROUND: As transplantation and cellular therapy expand, so must the transplant infectious diseases (TID) workforce; yet little is known about regional or national TID work standards for the existing workforce. This survey of TID clinicians in the mid-Atlantic region seeks to...

Aquatic predators as complementary tools for mosquito vector control: current evidence, ecological considerations, and future directions

Insecticide-based strategies for mosquito control are increasingly constrained by insecticide resistance, sparking interest in eco-friendly alternatives, one of which is the use of aquatic predators to reduce mosquito densities. Evidence from laboratory, semi-field, and localized...

Longitudinal evaluation of sleep disturbances in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Abstract Purpose The current study examines longitudinal changes in sleep disturbances and the risks they pose for new-onset health conditions in survivors of childhood cancer. Methods Five-year survivors ( N = 1081; median [range] age 50.0 [45.2–55.0] years) and siblings ( N = 2...

Agitation in dementia: Evidence-based consensus recommendations

Agitation is among the most disabling behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, contributing substantially to caregiver burden, institutionalization, and healthcare utilization. Considering the modest efficacy and significant adverse effects associated with psychotropic...