Harvard University

Toward continuous quality observability in medicine

Hospitals often detect complications retrospectively via error-susceptible mechanisms including self-reporting, manual abstraction, or billing codes. We propose a paradigm of continuous clinical quality observability : a background, non-interruptive layer where AI agents continuo...

Characteristics of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Anorexia Nervosa: Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia Nervosa in Twins (CREAT) Study

ABSTRACT Objective To characterise the clinical and phenotypic profile of the Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia nervosa in Twins (CREAT) cohort, identify candidate risk and illness‐related correlates of AN, and establish a foundation for forthcoming biological, neuroimag...

Dietary Fat Intake and Mortality Among Patients With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer

Importance There are 3.5 million prostate cancer survivors in the US, with a need for evidence-based lifestyle recommendations that improve survivorship. Objective To assess whether consumption of specific dietary fats after diagnosis is associated with long-term survival among p...

Mouse bio-behavioral phenotyping using a digital homecage framework for long-timescale, high-resolution, and multi-factor data collection and analytics

Long-term monitoring of behavioral and physiological processes is essential for elucidating complex brain-based phenomena and disorders that develop over extended periods, such as chronic stress, circadian disruption, and metabolic syndromes. Though digital phenotyping is well-es...

The nutritional value of invertebrate aquatic foods

Abstract Aquatic invertebrates are a diverse, nutrient-dense, and socio-ecologically important food whose contribution to human nutrition is frequently overlooked. We quantify their contribution to global nutrient supplies and estimate the nutrient content of >50,000 macroinverte...

Robust inference and correlates from genetic associations with personality

Personality traits describe stable differences in how people think, feel and behave, and how they interact with and experience their social and physical environments1,2. Many questions remain unanswered about associations between DNA and personality traits, such as their robustne...

Explainable deep learning improves human mental models of self-driving cars

Abstract Self-driving cars increasingly rely on deep neural networks to achieve human-like driving 1–3 . The opacity of these black-box planners makes it challenging to accurately anticipate when they will fail 4–6 , with potentially catastrophic consequences 7–9 . Although resea...

Disruptions in speech, language and social communication in lysosomal storage diseases

Communication enables social connection, autonomy and identity, making it a fundamental domain of human functioning. In lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), progressive neurological dysfunction can severely disrupt speech, language and social communication, resulting in profound is...

Development of adjuvanted HIV vaccines tailored for early life: immunologic rationale, clinical experience, and future directions

Purpose of review This review highlights the rationale for and clinical experience in advancing age-specific adjuvantation systems to develop well tolerated and effective pediatric HIV vaccines. Recent findings Due to both cellular and soluble factors, infant immunity is distinct...

Epitope-conditioned generation of T-cell receptor β-chain CDR3 candidates using a pre-trained transformer model

Prioritizing T-cell receptor (TCR) candidates for defined peptide-HLA targets is an important step in TCR-based immunotherapy development, but it still relies heavily on laborious and expensive experimental screening. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence have...

Early adolescent self-harm: examining prevalence and risk factors in a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort

Abstract Background Early adolescence marks a vulnerable developmental phase for the emergence of self-harm behaviours, which can potentially be life-threatening. However, the prevalence and risk factors of early adolescent self-harm, particularly in non-Western community-based p...

Remote Recruitment to Diversify Infant Research Participation: Lessons From the Infant Vaccine Biepository

AIM: To determine whether remote recruitment, electronic consent and at-home blood collection enabled enrollment of a geographically and socioeconomically diverse infant cohort in the United States (US). METHODS: We describe the demographics of 256 infants included in this analys...

Mechanical cues of an interpenetrating polysaccharide matrix regulate self-assembly of collagen fibers

Collagen molecules self-assemble into supramolecular fibers within a molecularly crowded, polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM typically has fluid-like, viscoelastic properties that can be quantified rheologically. Here, we determine that the viscoelasticity of...

Severe Fetal Cardiomyopathy: Considerations for Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Neonatal Resuscitation

Primary cardiomyopathies are associated with poor neonatal outcomes, including high mortality rates. Neonatal care of infants with significant prenatal cardiac diagnoses may warrant additional management considerations beyond standard Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines. Ma...

Decision Analysis to Inform Screening of the Young: An Interactive Newborn Screening Model

Decision analytic models that project the outcomes of population-based newborn screening compared with clinical identification can inform newborn screening policymaking. A flexible decision analytic model that could be adapted for the many and growing number of conditions being c...

Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Parathyroid Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Collaboration for Optimal Patient Management.

Parathyroid disease typically presents with parathyroid hyperfunction as result of neoplasia or a consequence of non-neoplastic systemic disease. Given the parathyroid gland is a hormonally active organ with broad physiologic implications and serologically accessible markers for...

Convergent latitudinal erosion of circadian systems in a rapidly diversifying order of fishes

Abstract Biological clocks enable organisms to anticipate cyclical environmental changes. Some habitats, such as those at high latitudes or deep sea, experience seasonally diminished or absent diel cues upon which species entrain their circadian rhythms. Fishes of the order Perci...

Not Learning from Others

We study social learning using experiments where two people independently learn relevant information and can share it to make accurate private decisions. Across three experiments, people are substantially less sensitive to information others discover than to equally-relevant info...

Combined Disruption of Multiple Cytokine Signaling Pathways Enables One-Step Anterograde Tracing with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Abstract Defining the direct postsynaptic targets of selected neuronal populations remains a major challenge for neural circuit mapping. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) spreads efficiently in the anterograde direction, but replication-competent VSV undergoes multistep spread and...

Single-cell profiling identifies obesity-disrupted brain glucose sensing

Abstract Neuronal nutrient sensing in the hypothalamus and brainstem is thought to regulate energy and glucose homeostasis, yet how these brain regions respond to elevated adiposity or blood glucose remains unclear. We performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing on 75,787 cells from...