Cornell University

Methadone-Based Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction: A 4-Year Analysis

Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the New York--Presbyterian/Weill Cornell methadone-based enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in reducing postoperative pain and narcotic consumption in patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator flap b...

Cystinosin/Ers1 functions in redox homeostasis in the early secretory pathway

Abstract Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes the highly conserved transmembrane protein cystinosin, a proton/cystine co-transporter at the lysosome membrane. However, reduction of cystine load in the lysosome...

Do sea lions fall silent when fish have something to say?

Abstract Coastal soundscapes are complex systems composed of many biological sounds, among which fish often play a central role. Marine mammal vocalizations can also contribute substantially, either when animals pass through an area or because their loud calls can be heard from o...

A conserved small RNA-generating gene cluster undergoes sequence diversification and contributes to plant immunity

Abstract Small RNA-mediated gene silencing contributes to plant immunity. The secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway promotes defense by silencing target genes in invading fungal and oomycete pathogens. Many secondary siRNAs are derived from transcripts potentially encod...

A cumulative cold dosimetry model for cryoablation: from geometry to dose-time planning

Abstract Purpose To propose a cumulative cold dose (CCD) model integrating spatial, temporal, and biological dosimetry for cryoablation protocol optimization. Methods Systematic searches identified studies reporting freeze duration effects, cell-type-specific lethal thresholds, l...

Unphysical coefficients of sliding friction in numerical simulations of granular materials

Abstract We focus on a simple model of elastic-frictional collisional contact employed in many numerical simulations of granular flows and highlight the role played by the tangential coefficient of restitution in determining an effective coefficient of normal restitution. We show...

Towards a multi-agent Clinical Trial Center framework to support modern clinical trials

Abstract Clinical Trial Centers (CTCs) manage complex multi-site trials under rising regulatory and operational demands. Traditional workflows are labor-intensive and error-prone. Existing AI handles narrow and siloed tasks. We introduce Agent System for TRial Automation (ASTRA),...

Metrics and Models for Gravity Tractor Demonstration Missions and Deflections

The gravity tractor is an asteroid deflection technology that uses the mutual gravity between a spacecraft and a small body to perturb the body’s trajectory. We develop low-fidelity and high-fidelity models to track the effects of a gravity tractor on a target body. As a case stu...

Navigating physician-scientist careers: insights from American Board of Internal Medicine Research Pathway graduates

The American Board of Internal Medicine Research Pathway (ABIM RP) is designed to train physician-scientists by shortening postgraduate clinical training and increasing research time. We surveyed ABIM RP graduates to understand career trajectories, research engagement, and barrie...

Targeting Overweight and Obesity Phenotypes for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Call to Action for the Middle East and Beyond

ABSTRACT Although there are conflicting clinical data on the efficacy of weight reduction in reducing secondary events in patients with comorbid overweight and obesity (OAO) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is excellent epidemiological and biological evidence of a cause–ef...

Characterisation of a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope at the base of the HA head of influenza A(H3N2) virus

Background Numerous broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses have recognised conserved epitopes across HA subtypes or within subtypes. Most heterosubtypic mAbs target the HA stem, the receptor-binding site (RBS), o...

DUSP4 overexpression is associated with MAPK pathway alterations in low-grade serous ovarian cancer

MAPK pathway alterations, most commonly KRAS , NRAS , and BRAF mutations, occur in approximately 50–60% of ovarian low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs). We sought to identify clinically translatable markers of MAPK pathway activation in LGSC samples. Differential gene expression a...

A Dual-Component Nurse Practitioner Intervention to Improve Symptom Management for Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia

The number of patients living with dementia (PLWD) has steadily increased, making it the fifth leading cause of death among adults. While hospice care is standard for end-of-life symptom management, predicting 6-month survival is challenging, leaving many who could benefit inelig...

A somatic checkpoint through NHR-49/HNF4α governs reproductive investment and longevity in C. elegans

The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49, a homolog of mammalian PPARα and HNF4α, is a key transcriptional regulator of nutrition sensing and fatty acid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we examine the role of NHR-49 in reproduction, including oocyte activation and ovulation...

Metabolomic profiling reveals distinct and shared biology in COPD and IPF

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are chronic pulmonary disorders with distinct pathologies but shared risk factors. Metabolomics may provide insights into mechanisms. To identify metabolites associated with COPD and IPF, and to...

Can electronic quantum criticality drive phonon-induced linear-in-temperature resistivity?

Optical phonons naturally generate linear-in-temperature ( T T ) resistivity in the equipartition regime, but their finite gap prevents this mechanism from surviving to asymptotically low temperatures. Here we analyze whether proximity to an electronic quantum critical point can...

Hypoxia-activated scleraxis a mediates epicardial progenitor differentiation into a unique cardiac perivascular cell type

Abstract The epicardium is a crucial source of progenitor cells and paracrine signals that support heart development and regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms that guide epicardial cell fate decisions remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the transcription f...

Mental Health Counselors’ Adaptive Functioning: Exploring Burnout, Occupational Well-Being, and Psychological Resources

Mental health counselors routinely work in emotionally demanding environments that require sustained psychological and occupational functioning. Identifying psychological resources and occupational factors that support adaptive functioning may inform strategies to enhance counsel...

General C(sp3)–C(sp3)Cross-Coupling of Primary Amines via in Situ Diazene Formation

Abstract Primary amines are among the most abundant and readily available functional groups, yet their direct use as alkyl cross-coupling partners remains underdeveloped. We report a general platform for C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling enabled by the in situ formation and visible-li...

A multicenter pilot study of nivolumab with drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization in patients with liver-limited hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (deb-TACE) is a standard for liver-limited, locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and may enhance response to immune checkpoint inhibition through tumor immune microenvironment modulation. We evaluated nivolum...