Columbia University

Convergence rate of the join-the-shortest-queue system

Abstract The join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ) policy is among the most widely used load-balancing algorithms and has been extensively studied. However, an exact characterization of the system behavior remains challenging. Most prior research has focused on analyzing its performance...

Prenatal exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter and fetal growth outcomes in the United States: Findings from the ECHO Cohort

Background: Increasing exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may pose unique risks to fetal development. We assessed associations between prenatal wildfire PM 2.5 exposure and fetal growth outcomes, including birth weight at term, birth weight for gestational age...

Forward and Inverse Problems of a Semilinear Transport Equation

Abstract. We study forward and inverse problems for a semilinear radiative transport model where the absorption coefficient depends on the angular average of the transport solution. Our first result is the well-posedness theory for the transport model with general boundary data,...

Non‐Weightbearing in Hinged‐Knee Braces Locked in High Degrees of Flexion Shows High Hamstring Muscle Activation in Healthy Volunteers

Purpose To determine the effect of various postoperative ambulation and bracing protocols on hamstring muscle group activation in healthy volunteers. Methods Hamstring muscle group activation was assessed via Myontec Mbody 3 Shorts. Volunteers ambulated 10 yards in conditions inc...

Neighborhood Contemporary Redlining and Racial Mortgage Lending Bias and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated neighborhood structural inequities are associated with cardiovascular outcomes among breast cancer survivors. We investigated the associations between bias in mortgage lending practices (contemporary redlining and racial lending bias) and car...

Optimal Federated Learning for Nonparametric Regression with Heterogeneous Distributed Differential Privacy Constraints

This paper studies federated learning for nonparametric regression in the context of distributed samples across different servers, each adhering to distinct differential privacy constraints. The setting we consider is heterogeneous, encompassing both varying sample sizes and diff...

Deep Learning to Infer Ocean Dynamics

Inferring ocean dynamics remains challenging due to the complexity of multiscale nonlinear interactions, sparsity of observations, and limitations of numerical models. Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful data-driven framework that exploits nonlinear dependencies across h...

A Distributionally Robust Optimization Framework for Extreme Event Estimation

Conventional methods for extreme event estimation rely on well-chosen parametric models asymptotically justified from extreme value theory (EVT). These methods, while powerful and theoretically grounded, could however encounter a difficult bias-variance tradeoff that exacerbates...

Taxonomy and Estimation of Multiple Breakpoints in High-Dimensional Factor Models*

This paper proposes a quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimator for break points in high-dimensional factor models, specifically accounting for multiple structural breaks. We begin by establishing a necessary and sufficient condition to categorize two distinct types of breaks in f...

Designing multi‐site studies for external validity: Site selection via synthetic purposive sampling

Abstract Multi‐site/context studies have become popular strategies to address the most common and challenging external validity concerns about contexts. Under such studies, scholars conduct causal studies in each site and evaluate whether findings generalize across sites. Despite...

Reentry and COVID-19: an examination of the vaccine beliefs and behaviors of Black adults in an urban community

Abstract Background Black individuals who are currently or formerly incarcerated have experienced disproportionate risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Yet, COVID-19 vaccine uptake within this population remains shaped by complex multilevel factors. Guided by the Health Beli...

Invited perspectives: Towards usable compound event research

Abstract. Supporting stakeholders with science-based decision-making to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is a central mandate of the climate research community. In particular, mapping out scenario-dependent climate risk landscapes is one of the most pressing challenge...

Redox-Driven Antiaromaticity Enables Multistate Conductance in 1D Topological Insulators

Abstract Conjugated molecules with diradical character have emerged as promising building blocks for high-conductance single-molecule electronics because of their behavior as 1D topological insulators. However, the impact of antiaromaticity on these radical-based edge states has...

A simple MRI-derived correction substantially reduces bias in caliper-based tumor volume estimation in subcutaneous tumor models

Accurate longitudinal quantification of tumor burden is critical in preclinical oncology studies. Calipers remain the standard tool, being fast, inexpensive and anesthesia-free, yet the conventional caliper equation systematically overestimates subcutaneous tumor volume, because...

Emerging Post‐CMOS Hardware Neurons for Brain‐Inspired Computing: Devices, Circuits, and System Integration

ABSTRACT The fundamental energy and latency limitations of the von Neumann architecture have necessitated a paradigm shift toward neuromorphic systems. This approach addresses the “memory wall” bottleneck by emulating the brain's event‐driven and massively parallel processing cap...

Implementing a Co-produced Curriculum for Neurodivergent Individuals in the Workplace

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), especially autistic individuals, are disproportionately unemployed and underemployed. Job coaches (JCs), family members (FMs), and employers can serve as supports to improve employment outcomes of adults with I/...

Best Case/Worst Case: A Multisite Randomized Trial of Scenario Planning for Patients With Late‐Stage Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: Best Case/Worst Case (BC/WC) is a communication tool to support nephrologists and older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease with decisions about dialysis. We compared the effectiveness of training nephrologists to use BC/WC versus usual care on receipt of pall...

Hippocampal mechanisms underlying the resolution of competition in memory and perception

Abstract Behaving adaptively requires selection of relevant memories and sensations and suppression of competing ones. We hypothesize that these mechanisms are linked, such that hippocampal computations that resolve competition in memory also shape the precision of sensory repres...

Structural identification of the RY12 domain of RyR1 as an ADP sensor and the target of the malignant hyperthermia therapeutic dantrolene

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic condition triggered by volatile anesthetics, which activate pathogenic RyR1 mutants. The small molecule therapeutic dantrolene has long been used to treat MH. However, the binding site and mechanism of dantrolene r...

The mentalizing network updates neural representations of romantic interest in response to social feedback

Abstract When we think about the start of a successful close relationship, we often imagine two people independently evaluating each other. But what if how much we like someone depends on how much we think they like us? In the current study, we asked how social feedback changes h...