Columbia University

Measuring Ocean Surface Waves

Abstract Propagating waves on the ocean surface can be represented as a stochastic process whose statistics are characterized by a spectrum. This paper reviews methods for measuring the wave spectrum and related quantities. Observations begin by sensing fluid dynamical properties...

COPI Coatomer Regulates Several Steps of HDL Metabolism

Abstract Background Reverse cholesterol transport by high density lipoproteins (HDL) is considered as an anti-atherogenic metabolic pathway. Hepatocytes determine the efficacy of this pathway by the production of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and its lipidation by ATP binding casse...

Sparsity of Quadratically Regularized Optimal Transport: Scalar Case

Abstract. The quadratically regularized optimal transport problem is empirically known to have sparse solutions: its optimal coupling [Formula: see text] has sparse support for small regularization parameter [Formula: see text], in contrast to entropic regularization whose soluti...

A reference genome and transcriptome of haustorial development in Pedicularis groenlandica reveal diverse trajectories of haustoria-associated gene evolution in parasitic plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Novel traits frequently evolve by co-opting existing genetic pathways through either the direct repurposing of existing genes or neofunctionalization of duplicated genes. Parasitism represents a major innovation in plants, in which a novel organ, the haustori...

Comprehensive Analysis of US Health Care Spending on Injuries

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury affects every age group, payer, and care setting in the United States, yet how injury-related spending distributes across these dimensions has not been comprehensively quantified. OBJECTIVE: To estimate US health care spending on injuries in 2022 by m...

Targeting Oncogenic KRAS Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomers Attached to Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Approximately 30% of tumors contain an activating mutation in the oncogene KRAS, leading to increased cell proliferation that often promotes non-small cell lung cancers, colorectal adenocarcinomas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and other cancers. Among the most common...

Automated Compliance Auditing in Enterprise Digital Asset Management via Specialized AI Agents

Maintaining brand compliance, technical protocol integrity, and formatting precision in enterprise digital asset management usually requires labor-intensive manual Quality Assurance (QA). This paper outlines a deterministic compliance auditing architecture utilizing custom system...

Automated Compliance Auditing in Enterprise Digital Asset Management via Specialized AI Agents

Maintaining brand compliance, technical protocol integrity, and formatting precision in enterprise digital asset management usually requires labor-intensive manual Quality Assurance (QA). This paper outlines a deterministic compliance auditing architecture utilizing custom system...

Neural mechanisms of sensory over-responsivity in youth with early caregiver-related adversity

Abstract Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is an impairing sensory processing challenge prevalent across a range of clinical and neurodevelopmental populations, as well as those with experiences of early caregiver-related adversity. Despite its prevalence and impairing nature, litt...

An Injury-Conforming Dual-Layer Lung Sealant

Abstract Persistent pulmonary air leaks contribute to prolonged hospitalization. While existing hydrogel-based sealants can be used to stop air leaks, they may lack the high elasticity needed to accommodate lung deformation and mechanical cohesion. We developed an injury-conformi...

Glacier surges on James Ross Island, Antarctica, and their relationship with climate

Abstract. Although the Antarctic Peninsula has a similar climate to that of other regions hosting surge-type glaciers, only one glacier surge has been previously observed in this region. We examined ice surface velocity, elevation and terminus position changes of Antarctic Penins...

Presenceof CriticalMaterials in Select U.S. MunicipalSolid Waste Landfill Leachates

Abstract This study detected and quantified a broad array of critical materials and other elements in U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates in both the aqueous (i.e., supernatant) and wet solid fractions. A total of 59 elements were measured in 37 landfill leachate...

A compendium of next-generation patient-derived models for diverse cancers

Abstract The development of new therapeutics and the validation of pathogenetic cancer mechanisms require representative laboratory models 1,2 . However, existing collections represent only a fraction of the diversity observed in human cancer 2–4 . Recent technologies have enable...

Mobile Cancer Screening Services in the Contemporary Screening Era: A Systematic Scoping Review of Recent Implementation and Future Directions

Mobile cancer screening services in the US aim to expand access to underserved and frequently underscreened populations. As screening approaches evolve in complexity (e.g., risk stratification, supplemental modalities), there is a need for updated reviews to understand how mobile...

From Gene Editing to Exogenesis: Pigs as a Source of Immune-compatible Organs for Transplantation

The persistent shortage of human organs for transplantation has intensified efforts to develop alternative sources, specifically xenotransplantation and exogenesis. Xenotransplantation uses genetically engineered pigs to provide organs, tissues, and cells for clinical use. Signif...

Are components of the histone gene expression machinery functionally repurposed in terminally differentiated cells?

The expression of metazoan replication-dependent histone genes is controlled by NPAT and U7 snRNP. NPAT activates transcription of histone genes during S-phase, whereas U7 snRNP is a multi-subunit endonuclease that cleaves the resultant transcripts at the 3' end, yielding mature...

Influence of transboundary wildfire smoke on fine particulate matter concentrations at South Texas border schools

Exposure to air pollutants in indoor and outdoor school environments poses significant health risks to children due to their heightened vulnerability. Increasing wildfire frequency has intensified transboundary smoke transport, with border communities among the first to experienc...

Circumventing thermodynamic limitations in converting carbon dioxide into carbon nanotubes via tandem catalysis

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are important materials for electronics and structural composites, but their production still relies on hydrocarbon-based chemical vapor deposition, an energy-intensive and fossil-dependent process, limited by rapid catalyst deactivation. Using CO 2 as a c...

Access to Anticancer Drug Trials for Adolescents With Cancer in the United States

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with cancer are generally underrepresented in clinical trials. The extent to which cancer drug clinical trials have become more age inclusive over time is not clear. METHODS: We utilized ClinicalTrials.gov to identify cancer drug trials from 2005 to 2025 i...

What Does It Mean to Be Black? Experimental Evidence on the Situational Deployment of Racial Schemas

How do Black Americans construct narratives about the meaning and boundaries of Blackness in America today? We leverage an original, nationally representative survey experiment among U.S.-born Black Americans ( n = 3,100) to examine (1) justifications used to validate or reject a...