University of Wisconsin–Madison

Redox Buffering and Corrosion in Molten Chloride Salts Dictated by Chlorobasicity

Abstract This study establishes an in situ synchrotron approach to directly link molten-salt chemistry, redox-buffer speciation, and alloy corrosion in chloride melts. Using a first-of-its-kind corrosion cell coupled to simultaneous X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray f...

Assessing consequences of anthropogenic hybridization: Great Lakes mallard movement and resource selection

The release of domesticated animals is resulting in anthropogenic hybridization with their wild congeners and there is concern that these interactions are a risk to conservation. In North America, large-scale releases of domesticated mallards have continued for over a century, ye...

FOSB and JUND transcription factors induce ABCB1 expression and regulate transport in human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells

The blood-brain barrier endothelium is distinguished by specialized transport functions, including high expression of the efflux transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein). However, the transcriptional mechanisms that induce ABCB1 expression in human brain microvascular endothelial cells...

Tracking the structural evolution of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions via small angle light scattering

Abstract Understanding and controlling agglomeration of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is critical to enable their effective use in various applications. Light scattering techniques are powerful tools for studying how CNCs self-assemble in aqueous suspensions. We used small angle...

Nonlinear interpolation and the flow map of quasilinear equations

We prove an interpolation theorem for nonlinear functionals defined on scales of Banach spaces that generalize Besov spaces. It applies to functionals defined only locally, requiring only some weak Lipschitz conditions, extending those introduced by Lions and Peetre. Our analysis...

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of multidose oritavancin for prolonged durations of therapy

ABSTRACT Managing multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections is challenging, especially when prolonged therapy is needed for conditions like bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, or other deep-seated infections. Oritavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide, is increasingly us...

The diverse effects of side reactions on the persistence of autocatalytic cycles

A key criticism of metabolism-first theories of abiogenesis is that, in the absence of specialized catalysts, side reactions would convert too many autocatalysts to inert by-products for autocatalytic systems to persist. Here, we use algebraic analysis and numerical simulations t...

Uncovering the role of biogeography, resources, food web composition and time during microbial primary succession

Ecological succession is shaped by multiple processes that operate simultaneously across spatial and temporal scales. While classical succession theory generally focuses on a single trophic level within a single location, often in plants or other macroscopic organisms, recent eff...

MaxTDA: Robust Statistical Inference for Maximal Persistence in Topological Data Analysis

Persistent homology is an area within topological data analysis (TDA) that can uncover different dimensional holes (connected components, loops, voids, etc.) in data. The holes are characterized, in part, by how long they persist across different scales. Noisy data can result in...

Morphology and Ion Transport in Zwitterionic Polysiloxanes

Abstract The recent discovery of superionic conductivity in doped polyzwitterions (PZIs) has opened a new direction for polymer electrolytes (PEs). Solid-state battery research is currently dominated by inorganic electrolytes due to their rigidity and high conductivity, but they...

Changes in Flood Frequency and Seasonality Across Midwestern U.S. Watersheds Under a Warming Climate: Insights From Convection‐Permitting Climate Simulations and Physics‐Based Hydrologic Models

Abstract We combine CONUS404 convection‐permitting climate simulations with the physics‐based WRF‐Hydro model to assess how climate warming may influence flood frequency and seasonality across the Midwestern United States. This framework captures interactions among precipitation,...

Good Vibrations: A Fortunate Journey in Reaction Dynamics

My professional life owes a great deal to the popular attitudes about science during my youth. As member of the baby boom generation, I benefited from a national commitment to the progress of science and the creation of institutions to support research. The path that took me into...

Redefining Limits: A Clinical Trial on the Safety of Combining Liposuction with Undermining During Abdominoplasty.

OBJECTIVES: In spite of the popularity of liposuction with abdominoplasty, there is little objective evidence to the extent of liposuction and width of undermining that is safe. This study aims to objectively evaluate the safety and aesthetic outcomes of liposuction and extensive...

Delayed Neutron Precursor Data Uncertainty and Sensitivities in Microscopic Calculations

This paper presents an analysis of the uncertainty-weighted sensitivities of the delayed neutron precursor (DNP) group parameters, consisting of half-lives τk and yields νd,k, with their nuclear data. This analysis was conducted using the thermal fission of 235U from various data...

Direct physical contacts with epithelial cells regulate leukocyte actin dynamics to facilitate intraepithelial motility in vivo

Efficient immune cell migration requires physical interactions with surrounding tissues. While tissue matrix mechanics influence leukocyte motility, it is unknown how leukocytes exert pushing and pulling forces to traverse cell-dense epithelial tissues in vivo. Here, we leverage...

Congenital Cytomegalovirus: The Time for a Unified Approach Is Now

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), the most common congenital infection in the United States, presents unique challenges to clinicians and families.Clinicians struggle to diagnose newborns in the first 21 days of life, when most newborns with cCMV are asymptomatic or have subtle...

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Overdrainage Has Transient and Steady-State Components Strongly Dependent on Cerebroventricular Compliance: A Benchtop Experimental Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Using benchtop testing, we previously demonstrated that ventriculoperitoneal shunts are susceptible to chronic overdrainage, not only because of a siphoning effect but also because of intracranial pressure pulsations. These pulsations may be rhythmic (c...

Understanding histotripsy ablation safety: a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical adverse events

Abstract Histotripsy is the first cavitation-based ablation modality. Given limited clinical experience, synthesis of pre-clinical and early clinical data is essential to guide safe adoption. A PubMed and SCOPUS search was performed focused on pre-clinical and clinical adverse ev...

From self-regulation to character: digital well-being intervention effects on character strengths and subsequent distress

Character strengths (CS) are theorized to be a core mechanism of human flourishing, yet causal evidence for their malleability and role in mental health remains limited. In a randomized controlled trial of a 13-week digital well-being intervention among 2,315 healthcare professio...

Edge effects on the pressure drop through triply periodic minimal surface heat exchangers

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries offer significant potential for compact, high-performance heat exchangers, but confinement-induced edge effects in small-scale test articles can distort the measured pressure drop and its extrapolation to full-scale performance. T...