University of Wisconsin–Madison

The potential of [18F]FDG PET/MRI for identifying pain sources in patients with diagnostically challenging chronic hip pain after total hip replacement

Abstract Purpose Chronic hip pain after total hip replacement (THR) poses a diagnostic challenge and frequently yields lengthy and unsatisfactory diagnostic work-up. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic role and clinical impact of [ 18 F]FDG PET/MRI compared with regular di...

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II

During photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II progresses through five intermediate Si (i = 0–4) states. X-ray crystallography studies have reported the insertion of one new O ligand during the formation of the S3 state, but recent studies question the...

Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Controversies

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a critical postoperative complication that causes significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. To mitigate these risks, intrawound vancomycin powder has been increasingly adopted as a prophylactic option, particularly for high-ris...

Multi-Bin Batching for Increasing LLM Inference Throughput

As large language models (LLMs) grow in popularity for their diverse capabilities, improving the efficiency of their inference systems has become increasingly critical. Batching LLM requests is a critical step in scheduling the inference jobs on servers (e.g. GPUs), enabling the...

Comparative proteomic analysis of environmental and genetic models of Parkinson’s disease highlights the role of purine metabolism

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with many cases attributed to environmental exposures. Paraquat (PQ), is a pesticide and neurotoxicant strongly associated with increased PD risk. PQ is a weak inhibitor of complex I of the electron tra...

Effects of cephalexin treatment on DNA replication dynamics in Escherichia coli

Abstract Background In bacteria, DNA replication and chromosome segregation are tightly coordinated with cell division. The replication run-out method, which combines inhibition of transcription initiation by rifampicin with inhibition of cell division by cephalexin, is widely us...

Tunable Polariton Canalization in Natural Van Der Waals Oxide

ABSTRACT Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) are coupled oscillations of anisotropic lattice vibrations and electromagnetic fields that confine the latter to the nanoscale, enabling novel nano‐polaritonic devices. While HPPs have been identified in multiple layered materials, ach...

Little Red Dots host Black Hole Stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Abstract We construct and characterise a sample of 146 little red dots (LRDs) across 2.0 < z < 9.3, selecting all sources with v-shaped UV-optical continua from JWST NIRSpec/PRISM spectra and compact morphologies in NIRCam/F444W imaging. We show that LRD continuum spectra are wel...

The Association of Umbilical Cord Blood Neurofilament Light With Nonreassuring Fetal Status: A Prospective Observational Study

( Int J Gynaecol Obstet . 2026 Mar;172(3):1491–1500. doi:10.1002/ijgo.70421) A prospective observational study explored whether neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neuronal injury, can be reliably measured in umbilical cord blood and whether it is associated with nonreassuring...

Neurobiological correlates of longitudinal grey matter volume changes in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Structural brain changes during the earliest asymptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain poorly understood. Previous research in preclinical AD shows heterogeneous findings, reporting both subtle neuronal loss and paradoxical increases in grey matter (GM) v...

Vector-valued optimal transport: from dynamic to static formulations

Abstract Motivated by applications in classification of vector valued measures and multispecies PDE, we develop a theory that unifies existing notions of vector valued optimal transport, from dynamic formulations (à la Benamou-Brenier) to static formulations (à la Kantorovich). I...

Predicting femoral neck screw pullout strength using DXA and novel assessments of bone microarchitecture

Abstract Summary This study determined how well DXA and other novel assessments of bone microarchitecture predicted screw pullout strength in the femoral neck. Hip-specific DXA performed as well as the novel approaches at predicting screw pullout. These findings support the use o...

From optimistic to overwhelmed: exploring health beliefs and barriers to oral anticancer medication adherence among cancer survivors

Abstract Purpose This study explored cancer survivors’ health beliefs about oral anticancer medications (OAMs) and examined how these beliefs influence adherence-related decision-making, while identifying barriers and strategies to support cancer management. Methods Twelve patien...

Removing wolves did not reliably prevent domestic animal losses

Abstract Humans usually try to kill wild animals that they perceive as threats. However, many scientific findings have raised doubts that killing solves wildlife damage to property. With scant, low‐quality data, uncertainty persists. We reviewed recent studies of killing gray wol...

Morphogenesis of bacterial colonies in liquid crystalline environments

Natural bacterial habitats are often complex fluids with viscoelastic and anisotropic responses to stress; for example, they can take the form of liquid crystals (LCs), with elongated microscopic constituents that collectively align while still retaining the ability to flow. Howe...

A novel surrogate model for optimizing lattice for desired force-displacement response

Abstract Optimizing lattice structures for energy absorption and load-bearing applications necessitates accurately capturing their nonlinear mechanical response under large deformation. However, traditional nonlinear finite element analysis (NL-FEA) can often fail, particularly a...

An ER retention motif controls the heteromeric stoichiometry of hERG1a/1b channels

Abstract The human ether-à-go-go related gene ( hERG ) encodes a potassium channel essential for cardiac repolarization and neuronal excitability. In the heart, heteromeric assemblies of hERG1a and hERG1b subunits produce cardiac I Kr , and mutations in either subunit are associa...

Mind the Sign: Engaging Green Building Communications for Campus Building Interiors

Amid rapid expansion of the global green building market, sustainable built interiors present compelling opportunities for informal environmental education. Signage systems remain the dominant approach to communicating green building innovations to building users, with the potent...

The Architecture of Consolidation: Nests of Corporate Control in the Agrochemical Network

ABSTRACT Research on agricultural consolidation tends to equate corporate control with the dominance of a few large firms. We take an alternative approach that examines control through the explosive growth of legally distinct firms that fragment accountability. Using a new global...

Menstruation as a National ‘Problem’: Japan’s Femtech Promotion and the Construction of the Self-Disciplined Worker

Femtech, or the technologies that help manage women’s well-being, have developed rapidly since the 2020s. Despite feminist concerns about these technologies, the Japanese government has been positioning femtech as a temporary solution for gender inequality in the workplace since...