University of Wisconsin–Madison

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition restructures decomposing microbial communities, altering SOM molecular composition, but not molecular complexity or diversity

Soil organic matter (SOM) consists of diverse biochemical constituents, spanning a spectrum of chemical complexity, and the relative abundance of these substrates influences microbial metabolism and soil carbon persistence. However, mechanistic controls governing these processes...

Integrative plasma proteomic network analysis identifies physical activity-associated protein modules potentially mediating type 2 diabetes risk

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identifying protein modules that mediate this association may help dissect these biological underpinnings, but they remain incompletely characterized. We studied 28,842 diabetes-free UK Bioban...

A Numerical Study on the Motion of Snow Aggregates Freely Falling in Air

Abstract This paper reports the results of the first quantitative study on the flow fields of freely falling snow aggregates. The motions are investigated by performing numerical simulations of four snow aggregate models consisting of 2, 3, 4, and 5 conformally shaped dendrites o...

Evaluation of a Zika virus-like particle-based vaccine in a highly penetrant non-human primate model of congenital infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne Orthoflavivirus that caused a major outbreak in Central and South America in 2015–16. During that outbreak, ZIKV infection during pregnancy was associated with high rates of adverse outcomes, including miscarriage and a spectrum of neurolog...

Fission yeast RPA–TERT–Tpz1TPP1 complex promotes telomere extension and suppresses telomere recombination

Abstract Telomerase maintains chromosome ends by extending telomeric DNA, yet how recruited telomerase becomes productively engaged remains poorly understood. Recent studies found that Replication Protein A (RPA) contributes to telomerase stimulation through interaction with TERT...

Direct Observation of a Cross-Coupling Catalyst Intermediate via Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

Abstract Single-molecule measurements on molecular catalysts are uniquely poised to allow observation of unsynchronized chemical dynamics and transient intermediates that are not observable using traditional bulk techniques. However, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is t...

Instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) represent a critical but understudied measure of day-to-day function in people with epilepsy (PWE). In the multicenter Brain Aging and Cognition in Epilepsy (BrACE) study of PWE ≥55 years of age, we examined the proportio...

Navigating Large Chemical Spaces Using Graph Theory and Integer Programming

Abstract Navigating and analyzing large chemical spaces are necessary to accelerate the design and discovery of new molecules and chemical processes. In this work, we introduce a computational framework that integrates graph theory and integer programming to enable the efficient...

Making classrooms more inclusive reduces the achievement gap in STEM: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial

Students from marginalized groups tend to achieve lower grades in STEM college courses than their non-marginalized peers. We tested the effectiveness of two interventions, one aimed at changing the environment and the other aimed at changing the students. The “Inclusion intervent...

Best Case/Worst Case: A Multisite Randomized Trial of Scenario Planning for Patients With Late‐Stage Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: Best Case/Worst Case (BC/WC) is a communication tool to support nephrologists and older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease with decisions about dialysis. We compared the effectiveness of training nephrologists to use BC/WC versus usual care on receipt of pall...

Cross-platformization: How U.S. right-leaning media curate their posts on Twitter and Truth Social

This study examines how seven right-leaning media organizations utilize cross-platformization strategies to reach audiences across multiple platforms; in this case, Twitter and Truth Social. Focusing on both content volume and story packaging, we collect right-leaning media organ...

Deletion of the T1D risk gene Ormdl3 in β-cells does not impact disease progression

Orosomucoid-like (ORMDL) proteins are a component of the serine palmitoyltransferase complex and a negative regulator of ceramide synthesis. Among these ORMDL3 in addition to its role in lipid homeostasis, plays a key role in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune...

A divergent betacoronavirus with a functional furin cleavage site in South American bats

Abstract Bats are natural reservoirs for a wide range of RNA viruses. Members of the genus Betacoronavirus , including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), have attracted particular attention due to their re...

Amyloid beta plaque pathology induces chemosensory deficits and increases apnoeas in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) commonly co‐presents with other ventilatory impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Typically reported as either obstructive (OSA) or complex sleep apnoea in AD patients, SDB results in repeated bouts of hypoxia and hyperca...

Glucose-TOR-PDCB signaling restricts cell-to-cell communication through callose deposition

Plant cells are connected by plasmodesmata (PD), membrane-lined channels that facilitate cell-to-cell transport. Forward genetic screens to uncover regulators of PD transport identified mutants with increased ( ise1 to ise4 ) or decreased ( dse1 ) PD trafficking during embryogene...

Quantifying the Photoelectrochemically Active Surface Area for Oxygen Evolution Metal Oxide Photoelectrocatalysts

Abstract Nanostructuring is established as a photoelectrode performance enhancing route for solar-driven catalytic processes. However, it is often unclear to what extent the increase in photoelectrode physical surface area directly results in a commensurate increase in photoelect...

Proteoforms in Disease: Biomedical Applications of Top‐Down Proteomics

ABSTRACT The proteome is a dynamic landscape of proteoforms arising from genetic mutations, alternative splicing, and post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which collectively drive biological function and disease phenotypes. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics has emerged...

Rational Design of a Synthetic Galliphore for the Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

ABSTRACT We introduce a solid‐phase synthesis platform for the rapid, modular, and scalable synthesis of the synthetic metallophore KO‐NH 2 , which is readily recognized by bacterial siderophore transporters, but has optimized affinity for Ga 3+ over Fe 3+ . Four synthetic protoc...

Numerical Modeling of Microstructure Evolution in Nanocrystalline Alloys—Grain Boundary Segregation, Solute Drag, and Mechanics

Nanocrystalline (NC) alloys hold significant promise as structural alloys due to their superior mechanical properties over the traditional coarser grained microcrystalline alloys. Often, there is an optimal range of mean grain size for most metals about which maximum material str...

Enhancing Recharge Beneath Low‐Permeability Landscapes with Small‐Diameter Drywells: Token Creek, WI

Abstract The implementation of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems in the Midwest has been limited, likely due to a relative abundance of water, land use requirements, and cost. Despite limited use in the Midwest, MAR systems that source from stormwater can provide benefits in...