University of Wisconsin–Madison

Enhanced molecular diagnosis of Onchocerca lupi using droplet digital PCR in clinically suspected companion animals

Abstract Background Onchocerca lupi , a zoonotic filarial nematode documented in southwestern North America and the Old World, is associated with ocular onchocerciosis in dogs and cats. Clinical signs range from ocular discharge and conjunctivitis to chronic nodular lesions invol...

Review of oxygen measurement and relevance to the mechanisms of FLASH radiotherapy

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is the phenomenon of relative sparing of normal tissue when ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) are used compared with conventional dose rates (CDR) as clinically used. Despite extensive investigation, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained. Among the...

Immune checkpoint molecules as biomarkers of Staphylococcus aureus bone infection and clinical outcome

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are broadly considered incurable, and clinical diagnostics that guide conservative vs. aggressive surgical treatments don’t exist. Understanding the human T cell response to chronic S. aureus osteomyelit...

Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated With Nirsevimab Receipt Among Children Aged Younger Than 20 Months in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network in 2023 to 2025

OBJECTIVES: We aim to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with nirsevimab receipt among children with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI) across multiple seasons and beyond birth hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included nirse...

Exploring the role of automated feedback in programming education: a systematic literature review

Automated feedback systems have become increasingly integral to programming education, where learners engage in iterative cycles of code construction, testing, and refinement. Despite its wider integration in practices and technical advancements into AI, research in this area rem...

Presymptomatic plasma biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease: sequence and timing

Abstract Background Autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) serves as a model for presymptomatic biomarker discovery. Characterising the temporal profile of plasma biomarker levels in presymptomatic individuals may enhance understanding of disease pathogenesis, inform futur...

Elacestrant in Combination with Everolimus for Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Previously Treated Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from ELEVATE

PURPOSE: Treatment options for progression on first-line endocrine therapy (ET)+CDK4/6i for ER-positive/HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) include ET plus targeted agents (CDK4/6i or PI3K/AKT/mTOR-pathway inhibitors). Elacestrant is the first single-agent oral...

Robust Public Process in Cultural Planning: Institutionalizing Participation in U.S. Cultural Plans

Problem, research strategy, and findings Cultural planning is widely framed as participatory, yet persistent gaps remain between participatory aspirations and equity-oriented planning and governance. In this study I asked: (1) What constitutes a robust public process in cultural...

EMBEDDING AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT IN AR-BASED CIVIC EDUCATION

This study develops an empirically informed conceptual framework for embedding authentic assessment in AR-Based Civic Education integrated with Project Citizen across cognitive, affective, and participatory domains. The article reports a secondary design analysis embedded within...

Minimax-Optimal Reward-Agnostic Exploration in Reinforcement Learning

This paper studies reward-agnostic exploration in reinforcement learning (RL)—a scenario where the learner is unaware of the reward functions during the exploration stage—and designs an algorithm that improves over the state of the art. More precisely, consider a finite-horizon i...

Soil management practices shape the abundance, diversity, and spread of antimicrobial resistance

Agricultural soils are critical hotspots of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Yet, the environmental factors shaping these reservoirs and the hazards they pose to humans and livestock remain poorly understood. Because management practices introduce antibiotics, heavy metals,...

Grassland destruction causes shifts in plant traits that persist during recovery

Old-growth grasslands assemble over millennia and support high biodiversity and many ecosystem services, but continue to undergo widespread destruction for production of crops, timber, and minerals. How biodiversity recovers after grassland destruction and the functional conseque...

Reconstruction of fallout deposition from U.S. atmospheric nuclear tests conducted in New Mexico and Nevada

Abstract Between 1945 and 1962, the United States conducted 101 atmospheric nuclear weapon tests in New Mexico and Nevada, dispersing radioactive fallout across the contiguous United States. We reconstruct the first 10 days of fission-product deposition from the 94 non-zero-yield...

Local Linear Estimation for Covariate‐Dependent Coefficients Model in Disease Mapping

ABSTRACT Spatial regression effects may depend on covariates in disease‐mapping models. For example, the association between infectious disease incidence and risk factors may vary according to climatic factors, such as time, season, and temperature. In this study, we aim to devel...

Prediction of Prion Proteins in E. coli Based on Bimodal Sequence Characteristics

ABSTRACT Prions are infectious proteins that bear misfolded conformations capable of converting folded states into misfolded aggregates under physiologically relevant conditions. In mammals, prions cause deadly maladies including Creutzfeldt‐Jakob and chronic wasting disease. To...

Risk management externalities in agrifood supply chains

Abstract Firms may under‐ or over‐invest in risk management from the social planner's perspective, resulting in a negative externality on other economic agents in the supply chain. The externality of risk management is particularly relevant for agrifood supply chains, which frequ...

Characterisation of a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope at the base of the HA head of influenza A(H3N2) virus

Background Numerous broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses have recognised conserved epitopes across HA subtypes or within subtypes. Most heterosubtypic mAbs target the HA stem, the receptor-binding site (RBS), o...

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II

During photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II progresses through five intermediate Si (i = 0–4) states. X-ray crystallography studies have reported the insertion of one new O ligand during the formation of the S3 state, but recent studies question the...

The potential of [18F]FDG PET/MRI for identifying pain sources in patients with diagnostically challenging chronic hip pain after total hip replacement

Abstract Purpose Chronic hip pain after total hip replacement (THR) poses a diagnostic challenge and frequently yields lengthy and unsatisfactory diagnostic work-up. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic role and clinical impact of [ 18 F]FDG PET/MRI compared with regular di...

Multi-Bin Batching for Increasing LLM Inference Throughput

As large language models (LLMs) grow in popularity for their diverse capabilities, improving the efficiency of their inference systems has become increasingly critical. Batching LLM requests is a critical step in scheduling the inference jobs on servers (e.g. GPUs), enabling the...