University of Wisconsin–Madison

Formalizing Multi-graded Brenner–Schröer Proj Schemes and Dilatations of Rings in Lean4

Abstract We present a formalization in Lean4 of some multi-graded algebraic geometry constructions, focusing on the Brenner–Schröer Proj construction and algebraic dilatations of rings. Multi-graded Proj schemes, defined from rings graded by more general monoids than $$\mathbb {N...

AI for Science: Reframing AI’s Role in Discovery

Abstract Digital computers have reshaped scientific practice, moving working scientific knowledge from printed texts into algorithms, simulations, and models. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are now accelerating that shift, progressing science in areas from protein foldi...

Window-of-Opportunity Study Utilizing Preoperative Cetuximab in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract Purpose. AXL, is a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in EGFR resistance. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis, generated in preclinical studies, that low AXL correlates with clinical response to cetuximab in patients with head and neck cancer...

From Follicle Development to Fertilization: How PCBs and PFAS May Shape Female Reproductive Health

Endocrine system hormones regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These hormones often function at low concentrations, making them especially susceptible to disruption via endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can mimic, block, or disturb normal hormone signaling. Amo...

Increased maximum carbon release offsets half of the growth trend in annual land carbon sink

The terrestrial carbon sink has strengthened in recent decades through enhanced maximum CO2 uptake (MCU) and a longer carbon uptake period (CUP), whereas maximum CO2 release (MCR) remains less quantified. Using atmospheric inversion estimates and 16 terrestrial biosphere models,...

Identifying optimal dose head CT acquisition techniques through cluster analysis from 904,209 scans

Abstract Objectives To identify clinically established and frequently utilized routine head computed tomography (CT) acquisition techniques in children and adults that achieve lower radiation. Materials and methods The level of the analysis is at the CT scan (series) level. CT ac...

Mechanical cues of an interpenetrating polysaccharide matrix regulate self-assembly of collagen fibers

Collagen molecules self-assemble into supramolecular fibers within a molecularly crowded, polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM typically has fluid-like, viscoelastic properties that can be quantified rheologically. Here, we determine that the viscoelasticity of...

Interface as a design choice: How the implementation of interfaces influences coordination and performance in modular systems

Abstract Research Summary Modular systems play a central role in technological innovation. Such systems emerge when interdependencies among modules in a complex system are isolated through interfaces. While early seminal work highlighted the importance of interface design, subseq...

Marital Status, Cohabitation and Intentions of Workers to Move to Less Developed Areas

ABSTRACT While migration for ‘love in destinations’ has gained attention, the link between partnerships, beyond the married‐unmarried dichotomy, in home societies and migration intentions remains underexplored. Meanwhile, economies in the Global South are becoming attractive for...

A CD40-Targeted IL-21 fusokine enables rapid generation of human IL-10⁺granzyme B⁺ regulatory B cells

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress pathogenic immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis, but their rarity and poor ex vivo expandability limit clinical translation as cellular therapeutics. Here, we describe a feeder-free platform for rapid generation of human IL-10⁺Granz...

Plateau Pressure Exceeding Peak Inspiratory Pressure During Pressure Mode Ventilation With Active Inspiratory Effort

Background In patients receiving pressure modes of mechanical ventilation, plateau pressure can be higher than peak inspiratory pressure when the patient has a strong drive to breathe. This report provides comprehensive evidence to support this observation. Methods Peak inspirato...

Comparison of Surgeon Expectations to Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Open Carpal Tunnel Release

Background: Open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) is an effective surgical treatment option for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study evaluates hand surgeon expectations of postoperative recovery versus patient-reported outcomes following OCTR through Patient-Reported Outcomes Mea...

Collusion through Common Leadership

This paper studies whether common leadership, defined as two firms sharing executives or board directors, contributes to collusion. Using an explicit measure of labor market collusion from unsealed court evidence, we find that the probability of collusion between two firms increa...

A genomic catalog of Earth’s bacterial and archaeal symbionts

1 SUMMARY Microbial symbiosis drives the functional and phylogenomic diversification of life on Earth, yet remains underexplored due to culturing challenges. This study employed machine learning (ML) to predict symbiotic lifestyles in hundreds of thousands of microbial genomes fr...

The Causal Effect of Parents' Education on Children's Earnings

ABSTRACT We develop and estimate a model of endogenous schooling and earnings to isolate the causal effect of parents' education on children's outcomes. Identification uses earnings differences among children with equal schooling whose parents have different schooling. Health and...

Rhinosinusitis in Adults Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Anti‐CD20 Therapy: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Immunomodulatory therapies, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors and anti‐CD20 agents, are often used for autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. While infection risk is well recognized, their association with rhinosinusitis r...

Neonatal hypoxia promotes pulmonary hypertension by upregulating ALKBH5 expression

Postnatal hypoxia in high-altitude regions drives pulmonary developmental impairment in neonates, which may subsequently progress to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification regulates mRNA fate and cellular responses to stres...

Variation in meningioma recurrence risk estimates across observational cohorts: the influence of calendar time, WHO classifications, geographical settings, and healthcare systems

Abstract Purpose Recurrence risk estimates underpin meningioma research, including molecular classification and clinical trial benchmarking, yet are often based on retrospective or historical data. The aim of this study was to assess the variation of recurrence risk estimates acr...

Characterization of the ecological impacts of prescribed fire in South America: a review

Prescribed fire has been shown to offer substantial benefits to both human populations and ecosystems, but it can also cause environmental harm, such as reduced air quality and negative impacts on sensitive species. To support the appropriate use of prescribed fire, stakeholders...

Biased inter-columnar communication and short-term plasticity in mouse barrel cortex

Abstract The barrel cortex (BC) processes complex direction-, frequency-, and phase-dependent input from whiskers to analyze objects in the immediate environment. Little is known about how BC microcircuits process this information and integrate input from multiple whiskers. To in...