University of Washington

Parental Refusal of the Best Treatment: Nudges and Trust in Pediatrics

More effective and less toxic therapies are welcomed by clinicians and families and are the rationale and raison d'être for well-designed clinical trials. This is especially true for life-threatening diseases like childhood cancer. When parents opt for an existing and good treatm...

Impact of Primary Prophylactic Colony-Stimulating Factor Delivery Method on Febrile Neutropenia: Secondary Analysis of a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose Primary prophylactic colony-stimulating factor (PP-CSF) is recommended for patients receiving chemotherapy with high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN). The impact of PP-CSF delivery method on FN is unknown. We performed a secondary analysis of SWOG S1415CD (Trial Assessing...

Highly multiplexed mammalian metabolic engineering with a shotgun approach

Mammalian metabolic engineering advances basic biology, bioproduction and cell therapy. However, as pathway complexity increases, so does the size of the combinatorial design space and required DNA constructs, rendering unbiased screens intractable. Here, we developed shotgun gen...

An unidentified reservoir of comet 81P/Wild 2 chondrules

Comets, which have been stored in the cryogenic regions for billions of years, preserve key records of the solar system’s formation and the dynamic evolution of planets and other small bodies. Twenty years ago, NASA Stardust mission returned samples from a Jupiter-family comet, 8...

Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01614 Promotes Aggressive Phenotypes and Ferroptosis Resistance in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Through a Putative miR-4521/IGF2/PI3K-AKT Signaling Axis

Background/Objectives: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and is generally associated with favorable clinical outcomes. However, a subset of tumors develops aggressive phenotypes characterized by increased proliferation, migration, therapeutic...

Reconstructing Polytopes and Pseudomanifolds

Abstract. We prove that every 4-polytope is determined by its edge-polygon incidences, solving an open problem of Grünbaum. For each [Formula: see text], we show that not every [Formula: see text]-polytope is determined by its [Formula: see text]-skeleton and dual [Formula: see t...

Temporal proximity to counseling is associated with longitudinal bedaquiline and antiretroviral therapy adherence in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV treatment

Background Medication adherence is a persistent challenge in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and HIV. Routine counseling notes are an underutilized source of information on patient adherence context. Methods We applied natural language processing (NLP)...

One Step at a Time: Design and Rationale for Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trials

Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials provide researchers with an opportunity to simultaneously implement and evaluate systemic interventions in real-world settings. This study design may have advantages compared with other cluster randomized trial (CRT) designs by optimizing f...

Adaptive Behavior Development and Autism Outcomes: A Comparison of Elevated- and Low-Likelihood Cohorts

Children born low-birth-weight (LBW) or with autistic siblings may show differences in their developmental trajectories, including higher rates of autism and lower levels of adaptive behavior skills. Parsing out developmental differences in these groups could help hone screening...

Genetic testing to distinguish X-linked protoporphyria from erythropoietic protoporphyria informed iron replacement therapy leading to reversal of severe protoporphyric hepatopathy

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are cutaneous porphyrias characterized by excess protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), leading to photosensitivity and, in a minority of patients, progressive hepatobiliary injury. Although XLP and EPP have similar clinica...

Identifying incident medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw and antiresorptive drug holidays using natural language processing on clinical notes in men and women prescribed bisphosphonates or denosumab for fracture prevention

OBJECTIVE: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare complication of antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis, with risk potentially influenced by "drug holidays" around dentoalveolar procedures. MRONJ risk is higher in rheumatic diseases. Epidemiologic studies...

A phase II pilot trial of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) inhibitor (INCB024360) plus a multipeptide melanoma vaccine (MELITAC 12.1) in patients with advanced melanoma, with sequential evaluation of the tumor microenvironment

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) can mediate immune dysfunction by reducing tryptophan (Trp) and increasing kynurenine (Kyn). The CITN-04 clinical trial (NCT01961115) tested the safety and clinical activity of combination therapy with IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat (INCB024360) p...

Decoded Antarctic snow accumulation history reconciles observed and modeled trends in accumulation and large-scale warming patterns

Increased snow accumulation on the Antarctic Ice Sheet mitigated global sea level rise by ∼ 11 mm during 1901–2000 according to ice core reconstructions. However, in the most recent 40 years of more intense observation and warming, the trend in the Antarctic-wide accumulation rat...

Explainable AI for phishing URL detection: a Bayesian-optimized stacking ensemble framework with SHAP-guided feature learning

Introduction Phishing remains one of the most persistent and financially damaging threats facing modern organizations, with over 4.7 million incidents recorded in 2023 alone. Existing AI-based phishing detection frameworks are constrained by limited benchmarking scope, absent mod...

Right on time: evaluating accuracy and timing of burn-severity assessments to support post-fire management

Abstract Effective wildfire impact assessment and post-fire management rely on burn-severity maps that accurately characterize fire effects on vegetation and soils. These maps inform time-sensitive activities such as post-fire flood and debris-flow modeling, risk mitigation for h...

Black holes and Abelian instantons

A bstract We argue that the electromagnetic θ -term is a physical parameter of the Standard Model coupled to gravity. Specifically, in the context of 4-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory we show that there exist Euclidean field configurations that have finite action, are asympto...

Topology-enforced synthesis of atomically precise silver nanoclusters in 3D DNA lattices

DNA nanotechnology leverages the molecular design resolution of the DNA double helix to fold and tile matter into designer architectures. Recent advances in bioinorganic chemistry have exploited DNA/Ag + affinity to carry out the templated reduction of silver nanoclusters. Here,...

Assessing and Addressing Frailty in Candidates for Lung Transplantation: An ISHLT Consensus Statement.

The ISHLT Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates recommends frailty assessment as part of a comprehensive candidacy evaluation. Missing from this and other recent consensus documents were practical recommendations on which frailty measures to consider...

Efficient Extraction for Effectful E-graphs

E-Graphs have enabled recent advances in program optimization, synthesis, and verification, yet remain difficult to apply to effectful programs whose memory and I/O operations must respect execution order. Existing effect-aware extraction algorithms rely on integer linear program...

Interannual Variability in the Stratosphere–Troposphere Exchange of Air Mass and Ozone in Chemistry Climate Models

Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) governs the transport of air mass and chemical constituents, including ozone, across the tropopause and therefore plays an important role in coupling the stratosphere and troposphere. While the annual-mean STE has been well characterized, i...