University of Washington

Preferred characteristics of long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment for adolescents with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a qualitative study of key stakeholders

Adolescents with HIV (AHIV) in South Africa experience poor outcomes across the HIV care continuum. Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) may address key adherence barriers, but its acceptability and feasibility among AHIV remain understudied. As formative quali...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

Longitudinal predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in autism: Examining relationships with ritualistic behavior and social diagnostic features

Abstract Autistic youth commonly experience co-occurring mental health conditions. Core autism features have been linked to internalizing and externalizing symptoms, yet longitudinal pathways remain unclear. This study examined how ritualistic and social diagnostic features predi...

Ten rules to increase the usability of earth observation mission datasets

Abstract Publicly-funded Earth Observation (EO) missions present unprecedented challenges and opportunities for observing our changing planet and applying the knowledge gained to benefit society. As EO mission data continue to grow in volume and complexity, a paradigm shift in ho...

Function within disorder: Small heat shock proteins use different functional regions to chaperone tau aggregation

In numerous neurodegenerative diseases known collectively as tauopathies, the microtubule-associated protein tau forms fibrillar aggregates that are hallmarks of disease pathology. Tauopathies represent a substantial fraction of diseases associated with protein misfolding. Cellul...

Landscape of approaches for streamlining pre-analytical and early analytical variables for solid tumor next-generation sequencing: A Genomics Organization for Academic Laboratories consortium report

The scope of pre-analytical and early analytical methods used in clinical molecular laboratories can have vast effects on the quality and turnaround time for solid tumor next-generation sequencing assays. To learn more about various approaches, a survey of 24 academic laboratorie...

International Protocol for the Study of Amorphous Charred Objects in Archaeology (IPSACO 1.0)

Abstract Archaeobotanists around the world increasingly recognise that, alongside commonly studied materials such as seeds, fruits, wood charcoal, and chaff, archaeobotanical samples also contain fragments of carbonised organic (and sometimes inorganic) matter that vary in shape...

Natural Language Processing to Improve Vertebral Fracture Identification in Older Adults Receiving Osteoporosis Therapy

INTRODUCTION: Vertebral fracture identification using administrative codes is challenging because diagnoses often occur outside hospital and orthopedic care settings. Outpatient diagnoses improve capture but increase misclassification. Accurate methods are important for populatio...

It doesn’t always have to be this way: promoting girls’ interest in STEM through growth mindsets and structural explanations of gender differences

Gender gaps in motivation for STEM fields emerge at an early age and generally persist as children become older. Viewing these gender differences in motivation as malleable rather than fixed or inherent may reduce stereotyping and promote girls’ motivation in STEM. The current pa...

Paired oral clinical specimens reveal the underlying ecology supporting the emergence of inflammophilic microbiome communities

Across human mucosal sites, dysbiotic inflammatory diseases are characterized by compositional shifts in the resident microbiota, in which commensal-dominated communities give way to pathobiont-enriched communities where "inflammophilic" species often predominate. Effective treat...

Short‐Term Changes in the Occlusal Contacts During Anterior Segmental Orthodontic Treatment With Clear Aligners in Adult Patients

ABSTRACT Objective To compare ClinCheck‐predicted and achieved maxillary occlusal contact areas immediately after an initial 14‐aligner anterior segmental sequence without programmed posterior movement. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 31 adult women treate...

Assessing methodological differences in estimating exposure to intimate-partner violence against women in Brazil: a multi-source observational analysis

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue. However, prevalence estimates vary depending on the data source and methodology used. This study aimed to assess methodological differences in estimating the prevalence and age distribution of physical an...

Short-term air pollution exposure and hospitalizations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the IPF-PRO Registry

Abstract Rationale While long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been associated with an increased risk of disease progression and mortality, the risks associated with acute exposure are less clear. Objective To determi...

Self‐Assembled Crystalline Peptoid Nanomaterials as Metal‐Free Enzyme Mimics for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Hydration and Precipitation

ABSTRACT Inspired by recently discovered metal‐free carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and other natural enzymes that achieve efficient catalysis without metal cofactors, we herein report a sequence‐defined supramolecular peptoid platform that mimics metal‐free CAs and exhibits hydrolytic...

Automated workflow demonstrates mixed treatment impacts on burn severity across ecoregion scales

Background Intensifying wildfire activity in western North America has motivated focus on fuel treatments as a tool for moderating fire severity. Treatment effectiveness is influenced by complex interactions among biophysical settings, treatments and weather. Aims This study intr...

The Python simulations of chemistry framework: 10 years of an open-source quantum chemistry project

Over the past decade, the Python-based Simulations of Chemistry Framework (PySCF) has developed into a widely used open-source platform for electronic-structure theory and quantum chemical method development. This article reviews the major advances since the previous overview in...

Scale-Up of Laminar Coflow Method for Selective Precipitation from Micro- to Millifluidics

Abstract The laminar coflow method (LCM) is a promising separation approach that allows selective precipitation of minerals from complex feedstocks. LCM offers unique process control, leading to high product purity and selectivity, but the method is in early stages of research wi...

Multi-mode design for studying cyber aggression in texts, Facebook and Twitter messages among middle school youth

With the explosion of the internet, cyber aggression has become one of the fastest growing forms of interpersonal violence. Methods used to understand aggressive communications content have been limited primarily to surveys. Here, we present multiple methods - panel surveys, elec...

In search of social belonging: a qualitative study of drivers of alcohol use and barriers to alcohol reduction among pregnant women in South Africa

Abstract Background Alcohol use during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in South Africa, particularly in communities with entrenched historical, social, and structural drivers of harmful drinking. Saldanha Bay, a peri-urban fishing community in the Western Cape, ha...

Perceptions of Incidental Findings on Lung Cancer Screening Exams: A National Survey of Primary Care Clinicians and Radiologists

RATIONALE: Unlike other common cancer screenings, annual lung cancer screening often identifies a spectrum of incidental findings unrelated to lung cancer. While these findings could be actionable, how to best communicate and manage them can be a challenge, often falling upon pri...