University of Toronto

Reasonable Exceptions From Unreasonable Policies: Requiring Treatment Agreements for Long‐Term Opioid Therapy and Exemptions for Cancer and Terminal Illness

Since drug overdose deaths began increasing in the United States, policy makers and the medical community have developed tools to try to address the crisis. Opioid Treatment Agreements (OTAs) are one such tool which purportedly seek to promote shared decision-making and informed...

More than 79.47% of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function are simple and on the critical line

This preprint presents a certified-candidate proof that, with ineffective constants, more than 79.47% of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function are simple and lie on the critical line, and more than 89.73% lie on the critical line. Building on the "two-thirds theorem"...

Time-dependent analysis of HUS change in older patients aged > 75 years with head and neck cancer

Previous longitudinal evidence has suggested that patients aged > 75 years may be associated with a poorer Health Utility Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) trajectory. We compared the longitudinal health utility scores (HUS) of older (>75 years) versus younger patients with head and neck canc...

Neural dynamics underlying minute-timescale persistent behaviour in the human brain

Pursuing longer-term goals relies on representations of task context that can be maintained over long periods of time and switched flexibly when goals change. Little is known about the neural substrate for maintaining context representations on the minute-timescale on which human...

Entrustment–supervision progression across core entrustable professional activities in undergraduate nursing clinical rotations: a prospective longitudinal study

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) operationalize competency-based education by linking assessment to observable clinical tasks and supervision decisions. Although EPAs are widely implemented in postgraduate and advanced nursing education, quantitative evidence describing...

Global inequitable distribution of seminal studies of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains one of the most quality of life limiting toxicities of cancer therapy. Decades of trials have produced robust antiemetic evidence, but their applicability to resource-limited settings where guideline-recommended...

A process evaluation of a randomized clinical trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in ventilated adults admitted to intensive care: the SuDDICU PE study

The SuDDICU trial evaluated the effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (SDD), a prophylactic antibiotic regimen comprising oral, gastric and intravenous (IV) components in ventilated adults admitted to intensive care. The trial recruited 9289 participants in 26 clus...

Building a Physics-Aware AI Ecosystem for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials

Abstract Hydrogen storage remains a central bottleneck for scalable hydrogen energy systems due to the multiscale and coupled nature of the thermodynamics, kinetics, and microstructural evolution of hydrogen storage materials (HSMs). Although artificial intelligence (AI) has acce...

Mesenchymal stromal cells immunosuppress osteoarthritis synovial fluid modulated monocytes via IL-6 and CCL2

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) interactions with monocytes/macrophages are central to their therapeutic effects in knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, mechanisms of these interactions are not fully understood. We hypothesize that MSC soluble factors, particularly interle...

Resolving Hidden Stoichiometriesin Bacterial ProteasomeActivator (Bpa)-Substrate Complexes by Cryo-EM and Charge DetectionMass Spectrometry

Abstract Bacterial proteasome activator (Bpa) is a regulatory particle within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteasome system that facilitates ATP-independent substrate engagement and delivery to the 20S core particle (CP) for degradation. The best characterized Bpa substr...

CAR T Cells Targeting an Intracellular Leukemia Antigen Promiscuously Presented by Diverse HLA-II Alleles

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has revolutionized B-cell malignancy treatment by enabling T cells to effectively recognize and target lineage-specific surface antigens. However, CAR T cells show limited efficacy against myeloid neoplasms and solid tumors due to challe...

Considerations for optimal team-based rheumatology care: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of rheumatology health professionals

Interdisciplinary team-based rheumatology care models are a promising solution for improving access to high quality, equitable care for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders. There is limited understanding on health professionals’ perspectives on their needs to deli...

Altered Complement and Tubular Mitochondrial Proteins Are Linked to Graft Loss in DSA+ Antibody–Mediated Rejection

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the main driver of late kidney allograft loss. Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are strongly associated with AMR. However, 30-60% of DSA + patients do not develop AMR, raising the possibility of local tissue adaptations to...

The practical impact of numerical variability on structural MRI measures of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Numerical variability is rarely quantified in neuroimaging despite many measures relying on subtle morphometric differences across individuals. We instrumented FreeSurfer 7.3.1, a widely used neuroimaging pipeline, to simulate numerical differences across computational e...

Progressive Convex Hull Simplification

Abstract Convex hulls are useful as tight bounding proxies for a variety of tasks including collision detection, ray intersection, and distance computation. Unfortunately, the complexity of polyhedral convex hulls grows linearly with their input. We consider the problem of conser...

Characterizing Canadian Out-of-district Political Donations from 2015 to 2024

Federal political representation in Canada is geographical: one Member of Parliament (MP) represents one electoral district. Despite this representational structure, Canadians can legally donate to a host of political entities, regardless of proximity. Using a public dataset from...

Maintenance therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for relapse prevention in myeloid malignancies

Purpose of review Relapse remains the leading cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and outcomes after relapse are poor. This review summarizes and critically appr...

Wnt Pathway Agonism as a Therapeutic Strategy for Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Evidence to Date

Breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) is implicated in many blinding retinal diseases, including diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies or laser photoco...

Resilience and Protective Factors for Mental Health among Indigenous Youth in Canada: A Scoping Review

Abstract Indigenous youth’s inherent strength and resilience play a vital role in their well-being and mental health. Protective factors, closely linked to resilience, spanning individual, family, and community levels reinforce positive mental health outcomes. The purpose of the...

Bullying victimization, language proficiency, and school belonging among Syrian refugee early adolescents in Canada: A cross‐lagged and random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel study

Abstract Refugee children's school adjustment is often associated with host country language proficiency, peer victimization, and school belonging, but longitudinal associations among these constructs may reflect both stable child differences and time‐varying school‐experience pr...