University of Michigan

Spaceborne Far‐Infrared Signal Simulations Over the Antarctic Plateau With Temperature‐Dependent Ice Cloud Optical Properties

Abstract Longwave cloud radiative effects significantly influence variability in global and regional Earth systems. However, there have been very few, if any, measurements of the far‐infrared (FIR) radiation over the polar regions, where about half of the outgoing longwave radiat...

Discovery of Ro 41‐0960, a Non‐Steroidal Inhibitor of the Na + /K + ‐ATPase

The Na + /K + ‐ATPase (NKA) is a central regulator of cardiac ion homeostasis and a validated target for heart failure. Yet, cardiotonic steroids used in clinical practice are limited by a narrow therapeutic window and pro‐arrhythmic effects. Here, we identify Ro 41‐0960 as a non...

Understanding the effect of various Chip breakers’ configurations and feed rates in high-speed drilling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Abstract High-speed machining (HSM) has emerged as a compelling paradigm in modern manufacturing industries owing to its potential to enhance productivity, improve surface integrity, and reduce overall machining time. However, the application of HSM remains limited primarily due...

Maladaptive immune-fibrotic axis drives impaired long bone regeneration under mechanical instability

Delayed and nonhealing fractures, affecting 5 to 10% of cases, are associated with prolonged disability and diminished quality of life. Although acute inflammation is required to initiate repair, persistent mechanical instability can sustain maladaptive immune and fibrotic respon...

Principal-Agent Hypothesis Testing

Consider the relationship between a regulator (the principal) and an experimenter (the agent) such as a pharmaceutical company. The pharmaceutical company wishes to sell a drug for profit, whereas the regulator wishes to allow only efficacious drugs to be marketed. The efficacy o...

A General Latent Embedding Approach for Modeling Non-uniform High-dimensional Sparse Hypergraphs with Multiplicity

Recent research has shown growing interest in modeling hypergraphs, which capture polyadic interactions among entities beyond traditional dyadic relations. However, most existing methodologies for hypergraphs face significant limitations, including their heavy reliance on uniform...

Self-locking non-volatile coding metasurfaces via origami-based mechanical bits

Digital coding metasurfaces have revolutionized electromagnetic (EM) manipulation, yet typical tunable approaches based on active components suffer from “volatility”. While mechanical modulation provides a potential solution, current implementations generally lack inherent state-...

Finetuning Foundation Models for Temporal Clinical Transcriptomics Data

BACKGROUND: Timeseries clinical transcriptomic datasets offer the opportunity to gain insights into the dynamics of disease mechanisms/treatment responses. However, their utility in uncovering temporal patterns is often limited by high noise levels and small sample sizes. Leverag...

Feasibility of Real‐Time Central Risk Assignment for Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Renal Tumor Trials

BACKGROUND: The Children's Oncology Group (COG) AREN03B2 Renal Tumor Biology and Classification Study undertook real-time central reviews to enable accurate risk stratification for enrollment on therapeutic trials. The present study assessed the feasibility of the central review...

Recent strengthening of eastern Pacific ENSO in the last millennium paleorecord

The Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is poorly constrained, due both to data scarcity and uncertainties in climate models...

Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Superior Temporal Gyrus Evokes Rapid Responses in Human Visual Cortex

ABSTRACT Sounds can alter visual processing even at the earliest stages of the cortical pathway. However, our understanding of how acoustic signals are relayed to visual cortex is limited, particularly with respect to the involvement of different regions of auditory cortex in the...

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation

RATIONALE: Electronic cigarettes (EC) are handheld electronic vaping devices that produce an aerosol by heating a liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and regulators want to know if EC can help people quit smoking, and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This upd...

Approaching an unknown communication system by latent space exploration and causal inference

Abstract We propose a methodology for discovering meaningful properties in data without ground truth by combining manipulation of the latent variables of generative models to extreme values with causal inference in an approach we call causal disentanglement with extreme values (C...

ODIN: Confirmation and 3D Reconstruction of Six Massive Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon

Abstract Protoclusters represent sites of accelerated galaxy formation and extreme astrophysical activity characteristic of dense environments. Identifying massive protoclusters and mapping their spatial structures are therefore crucial for understanding how large-scale environme...

Self-consistent vertex corrected GW with static and dynamic screening using tensor hypercontraction: Assessment of molecular charged excitations

We investigate self-consistent vertex corrections to the GW self-energy for ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs). We benchmark IPs against ΔCCSD(T) references in the G0W0Γ29 and GW100 sets and compare GW100 EAs with EOM-CCSD references. Because many anions ar...

From bird viremia to bird surveillance: identifiability in a multi-scale vector-borne model of Usutu virus infection

Abstract Usutu virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, maintained through an enzootic cycle involving wild birds and mosquitoes, with occasional spillover to humans. Understanding how interactions across these biological scales shape transmission dynamics is essential for...

Differentiable Forward Modeling for Efficient and Accurate Shear Inference

Forthcoming Stage-IV dark energy optical surveys, such as LSST, have the ambitious goal of measuring cosmological parameters at sub-percent precision. Realizing their full scientific potential requires very precise measurement of the cosmic shear signal and control of correspondi...

Beyond benchmarking: an expert-guided consensus approach to spatially aware clustering

Spatial omics technologies have revolutionized the study of tissue architecture and cellular heterogeneity by integrating molecular profiles with spatial localization. In spatially resolved transcriptomics, delineating higher-order anatomical structures is critical for understand...

Replication Data for: How Shocks Travel: The Cross-Border Impact of Natural Disasters in Firm Networks

Replication package for "How Shocks Travel: The Cross-Border Impact of Natural Disasters in Firm Networks" (IMF Economic Review). The package contains all programs used to construct the estimation samples and to produce every table and figure in the paper, along with documentatio...

Fabrication of photoresist SU-8 pyrolyzed carbon electrodes and their integration in a microfluidic hematocrit detection system

Carbon microelectrodes are attractive for microfluidic biosensing due to their wide potential window, low overpotentials, chemical stability, and compatibility with low-cost microfabrication. Pyrolysis of photopatterned SU-8 offers a scalable route to carbon electrode fabrication...