University of Michigan

Depleting luminal cysteine with engineered bacteroides vulgatus alleviates experimental colitis by suppressing Th17 differentiation through an ATF6-dependent mechanism

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease driven by dysregulated immune responses, particularly the aberrant activation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. While microbiome-based therapies show promise, wild-type probiotics often lack specific m...

Elements on the move: How ungulate migration expands Alpine biogeochemical footprints

Through depositing waste products, animals influence the spatial distribution of elements across landscapes. Yet the relationship between animal movement and element distribution remains poorly characterized. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to test how migrato...

Best Case/Worst Case: A Multisite Randomized Trial of Scenario Planning for Patients With Late‐Stage Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: Best Case/Worst Case (BC/WC) is a communication tool to support nephrologists and older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease with decisions about dialysis. We compared the effectiveness of training nephrologists to use BC/WC versus usual care on receipt of pall...

Do coupled population, economic, and land use dynamics explain household energy transitions in Malawi?

In sub-Saharan Africa, population growth coupled with weak or missing markets for clean energy means that the absolute number of people relying on woodfuels for cooking is growing. Charcoal, which has distinctly different environmental and economic implications from firewood, has...

Utilizing 4D-STEM to characterize diffusion-induced grain boundary migration in Ni-Cr alloys

Abstract Alloy degradation poses a significant challenge to the safe and reliable performance of alloys in advanced energy systems. Ni-Cr alloys are quite durable in these aggressive conditions but can become susceptible to intergranular oxidation and cracking when subjected to h...

A Scoping Review of Digital Behavioral Approaches to Improve Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Purpose of Review Consistent medication adherence is fundamental for achieving favorable health outcomes in diabetes care; however, attaining optimal adherence remains a challenge. This review summarized recent evidence on digital behavioral interventions designed to imp...

Proteogenomic profiling defines progression-associated biology in high-risk endometrial cancer

Patients with high-risk endometrial carcinoma (HR-EC) experience substantial mortality despite multimodality therapy, molecular classification and contemporary care. We determined whether proteomic tumor programs capture lethal risk beyond established clinical and genomic classif...

Realistic coupling enables flexible macroscopic traveling waves in the mouse cortex

Traveling waves are ubiquitous in neuronal systems across different spatial scales. While microscopic and mesoscopic waves are relatively well studied, the emergence of macroscopic traveling waves remains less understood. Here, by modeling the mouse cortex using spatial transcrip...

ARMAX-based capacity fade estimation for lithium-ion cells across state-of-charge and temperature variations

This paper presents an ARMAX-based framework for State-of-Health (SoH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries using short-duration impulse-response characterization. Battery dynamics are identified through a third-order equivalent circuit model whose parameters are estimated under d...

Omic risk scores are associated with COPD-related traits across three cohorts

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits marked heterogeneity in lung function decline, mortality, exacerbations, and other disease-related outcomes. Omic risk scores (ORS) estimate the cumulative contribution of omics, such as the transcriptome, proteome...

Diagnosing CESM2 Biases in Northwest Indian Ocean Warming and Its Implications for India Summer Monsoon Precipitation

Abstract Declining monsoon rainfall over agriculture‐dependent Eastern Central India (ECI) during 1901–2014 threatens regional food and water security. Observations link ECI drying to rapid Northwest Indian Ocean (NWIO) warming, which weakens monsoon circulation. However, the wid...

Mapping the nuclear environments of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies

Abstract Extreme coronal line emitters (ECLEs) are a rare class of galactic nuclei exhibiting unusually strong high-ionisation forbidden emission lines, and several ECLEs have been linked to tidal disruption events (TDEs). In this work, we compile and analyse optical spectra of 3...

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Cardioform vs. Amplatzer: concerns regarding methodological transparency and interpretation of clinical results

Volpi et al. recently published an article evaluating the cost-effectiveness of patent foramen ovale (PFO) management strategies, comparing closure with the Cardioform vs. Amplatzer device for seco...

Window-of-Opportunity Study Utilizing Preoperative Cetuximab in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract Purpose. AXL, is a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in EGFR resistance. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis, generated in preclinical studies, that low AXL correlates with clinical response to cetuximab in patients with head and neck cancer...

Importance of Single Global Regulatory Standards for the Assessment of Generic and Biosimilar Medicines to Advance Patient Access

Generic and biosimilar medicines are foundational to sustainable healthcare, enabling broader patient access globally through high-quality, cost-effective alternatives. However, their market access is hindered by regulatory fragmentation across major authorities, where regulatory...

Bulūgh and Bioethics: Islamic Criteria for Puberty and its Contemporary Implications

In Islamic law, Bulūgh (puberty) separates childhood from adulthood, yet English-language scholarship on it is sparse and fragmented. We reviewed primary juristic compendia of the four canonical schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, Ḥanbalī), synthesized biom...

Understanding online conversations through fractal dimension: a case study linking semantic and structural analysis of reddit posts on AI

Abstract Fractal dimension can measure the complexity of a branching structure. Botanical trees for example have more sparse branching in poor environments, and more complex branching in good environments. We hypothesize that the branching structures of online conversations can a...

Laser powder directed energy deposition fabrication and tensile sandwich evaluation of Ti64-C103-GRCop-42 functionally graded materials

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) provide an avenue to combine two alloys with different primary benefits such as Ti–6Al–4 V (Ti64) and GRCop-42, which expands the bounds of engineering design possibilities. However, direct grading between Ti64 and GRCop-42 via laser powder di...

Cefepime versus piperacillin-tazobactam for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Both piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime are widely used for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite this, no studies have directly compared these agents for this purpose. METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study o...

Low depth unitary coupled cluster algorithm for large chemical systems

The unitary coupled cluster (UCC) algorithm is one of the most promising implementations of the variational quantum eigensolver for quantum computers. However, for large systems, the number of UCC factors leads to deep quantum circuits, which are prohibitive for execution on quan...