University of Cambridge

Tighter bounds on the expected absorbing time of Ungarian Markov chains

Abstract In 2023 2023 $2023$ , Defant and Li defined the Ungarian Markov chain bold upper U Subscript upper L U L $\mathbf{U}_L$ associated to a finite lattice upper L L $L$ . This Markov chain has state space upper L L $L$ , and from any state x element of upper L x ∈ L $x \in L...

The Riddle of Ibn al-Zubayr’s Earliest Coinage, 681–683 CE

Coins bearing the name of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr and dating to the reign of the Umayyad caliph Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya (r. 60-64 AH/680-684 CE) have been known for a long time, but scholars have either dismissed them as anachronistic dates resulting from the use of old reverse dies...

Interactions of land use and climate change disproportionately impact Lepidoptera of the five major insect orders

Abstract Land use and climate change are two major environmental pressures that interact to impact insect biodiversity. The wide ecological diversity, including life histories, among insects suggests that some groups will be more sensitive to these pressures than others, and it i...

Sharp threshold for the ballisticity of the random walk on the exclusion process

We study a non-reversible random walk advected by the symmetric simple exclusion process, so that the walk has a local drift of opposite sign when sitting atop an occupied or an empty site. We prove that the back-tracking probability of the walk exhibits a sharp transition as the...

4‐Methylumbelliferone Restores Age‐Related Changes in Perineuronal Nets, Memory, and Neuroinflammation

Aging-associated cognitive decline is closely linked to dysregulated glial activity and chronic neuroinflammation, which together constrain neuronal plasticity. Astrocytes and microglia are key regulators of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), including perineuronal nets (PNNs)...

Changes in the translational landscape during red clover necrotic mosaic virus infection

ABSTRACT Viruses alter host gene expression to create a proviral environment, while the host simultaneously regulates gene expression to restrict viral spread. Owing to RNA viruses’ complete reliance on the host translational machinery, it is important to assess translational con...

MEGATRON: Reproducing the Diversity of High-Redshift Galaxy Spectra with Cosmological Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations

We present the MEGATRON suite of cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations following the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies from the earliest cosmic epochs when Population III stars form to Cosmic Noon. The suite represents the first set of cosmological simulations that...

Establishing parallel and scalar measures of executive and semantic demand: an online norming study of matched, cross-domain judgement tasks

Task demand has a long-standing history in experimental psychology, with numerous investigations of the capacity of different systems and processes under varying cognitive load. Whilst demand is a broadly used term in the literature, it is limited by a lack of cross-domain operat...

Comprehensive profiling of brain dynamics during anesthesia across phylogeny

Abstract The behavioral effects of anesthetics are highly conserved across species, hinting at shared and fundamental underlying mechanisms. Here we compile a dataset of multiscale neural activity during wakefulness and anesthesia, encompassing human, macaque, marmoset, mouse, ze...

Order Parameter Discovery for Quantum Many-Body Systems

Quantum phase transitions reveal deep insights into the behavior of many-body quantum systems, but identifying these transitions without prior knowledge of order parameters remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a method for constructing phase diagrams using...

Artificial Intelligence‐Related Digital Skills and Employment Outcomes for Underrepresented Women

ABSTRACT This study examines whether signaling AI‐related digital skills improves employment outcomes for women from underrepresented groups defined by race, age, sexual orientation and autism‐spectrum disclosure in England. The findings indicate that underrepresented women recei...

MEGATRON: how the first stars can create an iron metallicity plateau in the smallest dwarf galaxies

We study the stellar mass-iron metallicity relation of dwarf galaxies in the new high-resolution MEGATRON cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. These simulations model galaxy formation up to z ≈ 8 in a region that will collapse into a Milky-Way-like galaxy at z = 0 ,...

Decomposing diagnostic criteria in neurology: a scoping review of components and structure to inform criteria development

Abstract Background Diagnostic criteria are critical for the accurate diagnosis of neurological diseases, which are among the most challenging to define. They help to standardize global efforts in healthcare delivery and scientific investigation. Despite their importance, no stan...

Efficiently emulating distribution functions in gigaparsec volumes for varying cosmological parameters

Abstract We present a new method for emulating the halo mass function (HMF) and other distribution functions in large effective volumes, down to low halo masses, whilst simultaneously modifying large ranges of parameters, for a fraction of the cost of traditional periodic cosmolo...

Data-driven decarbonisation strategies for ships, Part 2: Financial projections

This paper investigates the economic feasibility of adopting various low-carbon solutions using a data-driven conceptual design framework applied to a 10-year-old Panamax bulk carrier as an example. This study compares multiple decarbonisation pathways, including hydrogen, ammoni...

MEGATRON: the impact of non-equilibrium effects and local radiation fields on the circumgalactic medium at cosmic noon

We present three cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic zoom simulations of the progenitor of a Milky Way-mass galaxy from the MEGATRON suite. The simulations combine on-the-fly radiative transfer with a detailed non-equilibrium thermochemical network (81 ions and molecules), resolv...

Mostly Out of Africa: Chris Stringer and the palaeoanthropology of the last million years

The field of palaeoanthropology is not known for consensus.According to reports in the media, new fossils are repeatedly overturning everything we understand, while researchers in the field will often compete over contrasting views on how all the fossils fit together -both litera...

Towards accessible smallholder crop classification in the groundnut basin of Senegal

Abstract Crop type mapping is a critical lever for decision making in smallholder food systems, yet high cost and expertise requirements of developing remote sensing-driven maps as well as need for recurrent data are persistent barriers to incorporating geospatial tools into deci...

Dynamics of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone: insights from potential vorticity tendency diagnostics

The Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA), the dominant circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the boreal summer, undergoes pronounced spatio-temporal variability. While the climatological mean state of the ASMA is well documented, the mechani...

Hot Carrier Trapping in InAs Nanowires for Ultraviolet to Infrared Photodetection

Abstract Semiconducting InAs nanowires are promising building blocks for optoelectronics, but their performance is often complicated by an unusual negative photoconductivity (NPC) originating from surface charge traps. Harnessing the competition between this NPC and conventional...