University of Cambridge

Procrastination among US college students: Prevalence and impact relative to common health and life issues

Procrastination is unnecessary delay that can cause various problems. There are uncertainties around how common exactly it is among students, how much it affects them, and how its prevalence and impact compare to those of other issues that students regularly face. Accordingly, th...

Multi-factor assessment of future climate hazards to apple production across Switzerland’s growing regions

Abstract Apple production is likely to face increased climate hazards in the future resulting from climate change. The magnitude and relative importance of different climate hazards remain unclear, especially when considering multiple emissions scenarios. Here, we perform a multi...

Retrofitting language models to operate over bytes

Abstract Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have largely been driven by large language models, deep neural networks that operate over discrete units called tokens. To represent text, most large language models use words or word fragments as the tokens, known as subwo...

Infant Attention to Eyes Versus Mouth Varies With Mouth Movement Speed, Family History of Autism and Language Development

Abstract Purpose Patterns of visual attention to faces are mixed in infants with a family history of autism relative to controls. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with autism and could represent one source of variance in findings. Heterogeneity in l...

Epigenetic insights into extreme longevity in the world’s oldest terrestrial animal, Jonathan

Aldabra giant tortoises ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ) are exceptionally long-lived. We sequenced the genome and methylome of Jonathan, a 194-year-old Aldabra, to explore the molecular basis of his longevity. Relative to other giant tortoises ( A. gigantea and Chelonoidis abingdonii...

Herpes simplex virus pUL56 abolishes neuronal activity by removing voltage-gated ion channels from the plasma membrane

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections of the central nervous system cause encephalitis and are associated with increased risk of neurodegeneration, yet the molecular consequences of lytic infection in human neurons remain incompletely defined. We map the transcriptomic, prote...

Michael John Whelan

Abstract Mike Whelan was a physicist with outstanding practical and theoretical skills. He employed them boldly in his key role of bringing to fruition and further development the idea of imaging dislocations and other crystal defects with the electron microscope. His work not on...

Halo mass functions in mixed cold and fuzzy dark matter models

Abstract We investigate the impact of mixed cold and fuzzy dark matter (referred to as MDM) cosmologies on the halo mass function (HMF) using numerical simulations performed with the AxiREPO framework. We consider models in which an ultralight axion-like component with mass m = 1...

Establishing Stakeholder Priorities for Development of a Multi‐Arm Multi‐Stage Platform Trial in Crohn's Disease

ABSTRACT Background and Aims The expanding range of advanced therapies for Crohn's disease (CD) has increased complexity in treatment selection, particularly in refractory disease. Conventional randomised controlled trials are limited in evaluating multiple treatment strategies e...

Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing Enhances Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been shown to improve diagnosis beyond standard-of-care genetic tests and guide precision treatment for childhood cancer. While WGS is now offered for children with suspected cancer in England, clinical workflows typically return results...

Device-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Youth

Importance The evidence for benefits of higher physical activity and lower sedentary time on the cardiometabolic risk profile in youth is based on cross-sectional and small prospective studies. Objective To determine the prospective associations between device-measured physical a...

Neuropsychiatry genetics in Africa

Across Africa, rising mental health needs coincide with rapid advances in genomics, digital health and continental policy reform. Yet research into the genetic, environmental and social determinants of neuropsychiatric illness remains sparse and underfunded. This review argues th...

Deep phenotyping of white matter tissue composition in dementia with Lewy bodies

Abstract Background White matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) on MRI are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and more severe WMSA have been associated with increased neurodegeneration in DLB. However, the underlying mechanisms of WMSA remain unclear. Single-Shell 3-Tissue C...

RNA Synthesis and Degradation Regulate Biomolecular Condensates through Nonequilibrium Feedback

Abstract Transcriptional condensates operate far from equilibrium, where continuous RNA synthesis and degradation dynamically reshape condensate composition. To investigate how RNA synthesis regulates condensate properties at submolecular resolution, we introduce REACT-RNA, a che...

Triplet Excimer of TIPS-Anthracene in Solution

Abstract Triplet excitons possess unique characteristics of long lifetimes and fission (singlet fission, SF)–fusion (triplet–triplet annihilation, TTA) features and hence have attracted considerable attention. Because the singlet–triplet transition is spin forbidden, leading to t...

Gaze and Facial Expression‐Based Multimodal Network for Depression Assessment in Young Adults

ABSTRACT Depression remains a critical mental health challenge worldwide, particularly among young adults. Traditional assessment methods often raise privacy concerns and can heighten psychological resistance. To overcome these barriers, we introduce the Gaze and Facial Expressio...

Are X-Ray Atmospheres Heated by Turbulent Dissipation? XRISM Constraints

Abstract We evaluate whether dissipation of turbulence injected into hot cluster atmospheres by jets and bubbles can offset radiative cooling flows. No trends are found between atmospheric velocity dispersion, σ v , and either the ratio of kinetic to thermal energy or jet power o...

Developing Sustainable Chemistry with AI

Conspectus Today we are experiencing an unprecedentedly rapid transformation of science, driven by advances in computing and artificial intelligence (AI). At the same time, there are growing cumulative pressures of climate change impacts that not only affect economies but are cre...

Calibration and performance of proANUBIS: A proof-of-concept detector for the ANUBIS experiment

Long-lived particles with lifetimes τ > 10 ps are predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model with viable dark matter candidates. The ANUBIS experiment proposes to extend the experimental sensitivity to long-lived particles by instrumenting the ceiling of the ATLAS cavern...

Polarization-enhanced ultrafast carrier transfer dynamics in Ga2O3/WS2 heterojunctions

Polarization engineering offers a promising strategy to enhance photogenerated carrier separation in van der Waals heterojunctions. Herein, the mechanisms governing polarization-enhanced carrier separation in Ga2O3/WS2 are investigated using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. The r...