University of California, San Francisco

Randomized Quality Improvement Trials: An Overview and Proposed Framework for Ethical Oversight

Quality improvement (QI) is a routine part of health care delivery, but ineffective QI can have unintended consequences, waste resources, and paradoxically worsen health care quality. Randomized QI (RQI) trials use randomization to assign the QI intervention to some but not all p...

Leveragingthe Gut Microbiota for MechanisticallyInformed Therapeutics against Body-First Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract Although some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be pharmacologically alleviated, stopping disease progression is not currently possible. Motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease is associated with accumulation of aggregates of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopamine...

Importance of Global Health Opportunities in Residency Selection Among Otolaryngology Applicants

ABSTRACT Introduction Global health has become an increasing priority in medical training. In this cross‐sectional study, we seek to evaluate the importance of a residency program's global health opportunities on otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) applicants' residency s...

Regulation of DiverseEndogenous Metabolic and SignalingPathways by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) Revealed by Metabolomicsof Knockout Mice

Abstract Uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes play a critical role in hepatic and other metabolism of endogenous and exogenous small molecules. The addition of glucuronic acid via UGT increases the polarity and subsequent solubility of small molecules, helpi...

A Tutorialon Automated Mass Spectral Analysis Using NucleoSpec for Compositional Assignment of Nucleic Acid-SilverComplexes and Nanoclusters

Abstract Nucleic acid–metal complexes, such as DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgN) and Ag(I)-mediated DNA duplexes, show promise for applications ranging from biomedical imaging to bioelectronics and sensing. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a powerf...

Changes in Outpatient and Telehealth Visits Among Undocumented Patients

Importance Anti-immigration policies in 2025 may influence outpatient care and telehealth among immigrant communities. Understanding visit patterns is essential for health systems leaders to prepare for shifts in health care use and ensure preventive care. Objective To compare ou...

Cofactor-Free Tau FilamentsAre Dynamic and UndergoStructural Evolution Driven by Thermodynamic Control

Abstract Tau filaments are a hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Structural studies have revealed that patient-derived tau fibrils adopt distinct folds in different tauopathies; however, it is unclear what forces guide this process. To exp...

Genome folding and nuclear speckles converge to orchestrate fibroblast activation

Fibroblasts adopt diverse cell states in response to inductive cues to maintain tissue homeostasis. We leveraged this cell-state plasticity to define how genome organization contributes to changes in cellular identity. We show that TGF-β reconfigures topologically associating dom...

Spatial Regulation of Preameloblast Development in Response to Distal Mouse Incisor Injury

Enamel, the outermost mineralized tissue of the tooth, is produced by specialized dental epithelial cells called ameloblasts. Unlike human enamel, which lacks regenerative capacity, the mouse incisor grows throughout life, driven by adult stem cells residing in the labial cervica...

Authentic and Sustained Family Partnership in Neonatal and Pediatric Research

Improving the health and well-being of children requires sustained partnerships with parents, community members, advocates, and researchers to identify and answer high-impact research questions. Meaningful engagement with families and communities in the design, conduct, and disse...

Lessons learned from a Kaggle challenge for particle picking in cryo-electron tomography

Abstract The difficulty of particle picking in cryo-electron tomography remains a barrier to routine in situ structure determination. Machine learning is well-suited to overcome this bottleneck with efficient algorithms that generalize across molecular species. To spur new algori...

Aligning protein-generative models to experimental fitness with ProteinDPO

Abstract Biological generative models can predict biological functions without task-specific training data but often under-perform specialized models. This is due to a fundamental ‘alignment gap’, where the rules learned during unsupervised training are not related to the functio...

A Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab plus Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Advanced Biliary Cancer

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited activity as monotherapy in biliary cancers. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic immune cell growth factor which achieved prolonged survival when combined with ipilimumab in melanoma. We cond...

Community-Led Operationalization of a Champion Implementation Strategy for Anal Cancer Prevention in Nigeria

Abstract Context-specific adaptation of implementation strategies is an important component of promoting evidence-based intervention use. But guidance on systematic approaches is limited. Here we described our mixed method approach to adapting (Study 1) and monitoring (Study 2) a...

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Moderately Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

Importance The treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy is evolving. How quickly radiotherapy can be delivered, and the relative risks and benefits of such a treatment, is of significant public interest. Objective To determine whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) w...

Threomer Inhibition of S1−ACE2 Binding

Abstract The interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and human ACE2 receptor is essential for viral entry into host epithelial cells and a key target for drug discovery. Here, we describe the evolution of a threomer, a base-modif...

The choice-wide behavioral association study: data-driven identification of interpretable behavioral components

Behavior contains rich structure across many timescales, but there is a dearth of methods to identify relevant components, especially over the longer periods required for learning and decision-making. Inspired by the goals and techniques of genome-wide association studies, we pre...

Fatal Neuroinvasive Astrovirus VA1 Encephalitis in a Child With High‐Risk B‐ALL Receiving Blinatumomab

O.L. is a named inventor on patents held by Boston Children's Hospital related to vaccine adjuvants and antigens as well as human in vitro systems that model the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. O.L.’s laboratory receives sponsored research support fr...

Oral Nicotine Pouch Use and Associations with Periodontal Status and Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis

OBJECTIVES: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are increasing in use, yet data on potential oral health effects are scarce. We evaluated whether ONP use is associated with clinical periodontal measures and salivary microbiome dysbiosis in a field-based regional sample. We recruited fir...

Micronutrient deficiencies in ambulatory adults with cirrhosis

Background: Despite the well-established relationship between micronutrient deficiencies and cirrhosis, little is known of micronutrient deficiencies among ambulatory patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant (LT). We aimed to characterize micronutrient deficiencies among...