University of California, San Francisco

Quantum Light Spectroscopy

Abstract Spectroscopy based on individual-photon-level light sources brings new variables to both spectroscopy and imaging. We refer to this approach as quantum-light spectroscopy (QLS). The photon statistics of different types of photon sources and photon entanglements are brief...

Threatened Identity: Self Psychology Informed Communication for Serious Illness Care

Serious illness threatens both the body and the self: the coherent, continuous sense of who one is, from bodily integrity to psychosocial identity. When illness disrupts identity and patients confront mortality and dependence, a range of responses may follow, including behaviors...

Effect of Rapid Rollover on Pneumothorax Rate After Percutaneous CT-Guided Lung Biopsy

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the rapid rollover technique reduces new or enlarging pneumothorax after anterior or lateral approach CT-guided lung biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, multisite, RCT was undertaken after institutional review board appro...

Dietary Fat Intake and Mortality Among Patients With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer

Importance There are 3.5 million prostate cancer survivors in the US, with a need for evidence-based lifestyle recommendations that improve survivorship. Objective To assess whether consumption of specific dietary fats after diagnosis is associated with long-term survival among p...

Regulators of interferon-responsive microglia uncovered by Genome-wide CRISPRi screening

Abstract Microglia dynamically support brain homeostasis through the induction of specialized activation programs or states. One such program is the Interferon-Responsive Microglia state (IRM), which has been identified in developmental windows, aging, and disease. While the func...

Workload and Perceived Burden From a National Survey of Surgeons

Importance Surgeon workload is substantial, but data characterizing perceived burden are scarce, limiting workforce planning, surgeon well-being, and patient safety. Objective To characterize surgeon workload and factors associated with perceived burden. Design, Setting, and Part...

A phase II multi-institutional single arm trial evaluating TG4010 vaccine plus nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy, but only 25% of patients have durable responses. TG4010, a mucin 1 (MUC1) vaccine, has demonstrated activity in NSCLC. We conducted a multi-institutional study to determine the safety...

Identifying optimal dose head CT acquisition techniques through cluster analysis from 904,209 scans

Abstract Objectives To identify clinically established and frequently utilized routine head computed tomography (CT) acquisition techniques in children and adults that achieve lower radiation. Materials and methods The level of the analysis is at the CT scan (series) level. CT ac...

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Features Distinguishing Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) with squamous differentiation can often be diagnosed by routine histopathologic evaluation, but cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) may enter the differential diagnosis in selected pure squamous carcinomas involving the breast/chest, partic...

Metagenome-scale modeling to assess microbiome metabolic complementarity for precision microbiota transplantation therapies

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds therapeutic promise beyond recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, but clinical outcomes remain unpredictable, in part because existing computational models do not fully capture the metabolic compatibility between donor and recip...

Detecting the drip: pediatric neuroradiologist guide to spinal CSF leaks

Abstract Pediatric spinal CSF leaks are uncommon and encompass a spectrum of leak types with distinct imaging findings, diagnostic pathways, and treatment strategies. Brain and spine MRI guide the evaluation of suspected CSF leaks and the selection of advanced imaging techniques...

Perinatal Depression and Infant Mortality

Importance Perinatal depression is the most common maternal morbidity, but few US studies have examined whether perinatal depression is associated with infant mortality. Objectives To examine the association between maternal depressive symptoms and infant mortality, assess hetero...

Tobacco susceptibility among junior high school students in the Upper East Region, Ghana

Abstract Background The rising use of tobacco among adolescents is a significant public health challenge. Understanding susceptibility to tobacco use is crucial for effective prevention. This study determined the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use susceptibility among junio...

Charting Endocrine Progenitors Across Species and Organs

ABSTRACT Hormone‐producing cells in the pancreas and intestine regulate whole‐body metabolism and are dysregulated in obesity and diabetes. A deeper understanding of endocrine lineage formation (endocrinogenesis) in these organs is essential to elucidate the healthy state and dis...

Digital Outreach to Improve Statin Refills in Patients With Low Statin Adherence

Importance Statin nonadherence is a leading, addressable driver of preventable cardiovascular events. Although health systems routinely use outreach to promote preventive care, most strategies are static and lack evidence from randomized clinical trials. Objective To determine wh...

Continued high mortality following diagnosis of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in East Africa in the “Treat All” antiretroviral therapy era ― 2021-2024

Abstract Background Stage at time of diagnosis and survival after diagnosis are critical parameters regarding control of any cancer in any geographical setting. In earlier research focusing on the initial years of the “Treat All” era (2016-2019), we found that HIV-associated Kapo...

Prognostic model for patients with oral cavity cancer using a novel multi-parameter index including radiation response of patient-derived tumoroids

Objective: No reliable model has been established to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) following surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. This study aimed to develop a tumoroid-based novel prognostic model for OCC to overcome the limitation...

Recurrent Sterile Polyserositis Reveals an Underrecognized Autoinflammatory Phenotype in MECP2 Duplication Syndrome

MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and frequent infections. The broader spectrum of immune dysregulation remains poorly understood. We retrospectively reviewed four MD...

Variation in meningioma recurrence risk estimates across observational cohorts: the influence of calendar time, WHO classifications, geographical settings, and healthcare systems

Abstract Purpose Recurrence risk estimates underpin meningioma research, including molecular classification and clinical trial benchmarking, yet are often based on retrospective or historical data. The aim of this study was to assess the variation of recurrence risk estimates acr...

Increased synapse elimination by inflammatory cells contributes to long-lasting post-stroke memory dysfunction in old mice

Old patients are more likely to experience memory dysfunction than young patients after a stroke. It has been reported that brain astrocytes and microglia cause excessive removal of synapses at the acute and subacute stages of stroke, and inhibition of their phagocytosis improved...