University of California, Los Angeles

Cell-type-specific eQTLs underlie the genetic architecture of complex traits

Genetic effects on complex traits primarily act by regulating gene expression; however, this process is not well understood1. Studies of genetic effects on gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)) can inform as to the gene regulatory layer between genetic vari...

Proteomic Immune Signatures of Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis From Uganda

Abstract Objective Severe tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of critical illness and death in people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. Despite this, the immunopathology of severe HIV-associated TB (HIV/TB) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify an immunopathologic signature o...

Redox-Dependent Lipophilicity of Phenazine Metabolites Is Modulated by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and Controls Their Biological Distribution

Abstract Phenazines are redox-active microbial metabolites produced and secreted in diverse ecological contexts from soils to chronic infections. Phenazines can function variously as antibiotics, extracellular electron shuttles, and nutrient scavengers. Key to understanding the i...

America's Burning Question: The Converging of Solar Eclipses and Eye Pain

Objectives: To analyze the trend behavior in eclipse retinopathy-related web searches in the United States nearing and after the 2024 total solar eclipse from April 6th, 2024 to April 14th, 2024. Background: Eclipse retinopathy is a specialized case of solar retinopathy, referrin...

The Pediatric Hospitalist: A Survey of What We Do and Where We Are Going

BACKGROUND: Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is undergoing structural transitions, including the discontinuation of the practice pathway to board certification and changes to pediatric resident training, decreasing inpatient exposure. In this context, understanding the compositi...

The Pediatric Hospitalist: A Survey of How We Are Doing

Physician well-being has important implications for clinicians, patients, and health care organizations. Burnout not only takes a human toll but is also associated with reduction in work hours, attrition, and medical errors.1 Conversely, career satisfaction is linked to improved...

America's Burning Question: The Converging of Solar Eclipses and Eye Pain

Objectives: To analyze the trend behavior in eclipse retinopathy-related web searches in the United States nearing and after the 2024 total solar eclipse from April 6th, 2024 to April 14th, 2024. Background: Eclipse retinopathy is a specialized case of solar retinopathy, referrin...

The Hubble Tension in the Light of GG-Theory: The Hubble Constant as One Reading of a Derived Expansion History H(t)

For a century, "how fast is the universe expanding?" was a question answered by measuring. By 2026 the measuring had split: read from the afterglow of the Big Bang, the rate comes out near 67 (in astronomers' units); read from the local ladder of stellar distances, 73.50 ± 0.81 —...

Anomaly Freedom of BI-6: The Modified Bianchi Identity (BI-6) for the Six-Force, Six-Dimensional Bulk (GG-6)

For half a century a quantum anomaly has been described as a flaw that shows up only when a classical symmetry is run through the quantum machine. This paper makes the opposite case: the anomaly is, at bottom, a classical and geometric fact about a higher-dimensional space, and t...

The Qi-4 Pillars: Qi-QUA, Qi-EP, Qi-CON, Qi-HAL The Quantum-Information Backbone of GDOS

Everything that stays itself has to pay for it. A cell, a flame, a spectrometer, a galaxy: each holds a pattern in place by taking energy in at one boundary and letting it out at another. Physics has been able to price the energy for a century and a half. It has never had a price...

From Euclid to GG-6: The Realization of Euclid's Elements in Six Dimensions: GU-5, OGN-5, and a Parameter-Free Reconstruction of Modern Physics

For 2300 years, the ideal of physical science has been Euclid's: a deductive system in which every theorem follows from a few postulates, with nothing left to fit. Modern physics drifted from that ideal — the Standard Model carries some 28 free parameters, general relativity adds...

Quantum Mechanics Derived from GG-Theory as Projection from 6D Bulk to 4D Boundary

For a century, quantum mechanics has been the most accurately tested theory ever written — and the least understood. It predicts the electron's magnetism to one part in ten trillion, yet no one can quite say why a measurement yields a single definite result, why outcomes appear r...

GG-Theory with GG-6: Geometry–Gauge Locking at the 6D Bulk (GG-6) at the Heart of Grand Geometric Theory (GG-Theory)

Gravity is the shape of spacetime. The other three forces are not: they are rules attached on top of spacetime rather than properties of it, and physics has kept these two kinds of law in separate boxes for a hundred years. This paper closes the gap by making them two faces of on...

The GG-6 Lock Cluster: A Non-Spatial Kaluza–Klein Resonance near 3.85 TeV as the Standing LHC Falsifier of GG-Theory

Every particle discovered since the mid-1970s — the W and Z, the top, the Higgs — was on the Standard Model's list before it was found. This paper is about the first particle that is not on that list. GG-Theory derives, rather than fits, a new mass scale: the lock cluster at M_lo...

The Standard Cosmology as Theorem of GG-Theory: The Cosmic Inventory as Observations of One Six-Dimensional Geometry

For forty years the standard model of cosmology, ΛCDM, has described the universe with breathtaking precision and explained almost none of it: a handful of numbers, read off the sky, reproduce everything — yet the theory cannot say why those numbers take the values they do. This...

The Electron as the Ground State of Nature: The Six Oldest Questions about the Electron, Closed and Fenced within GG-Theory

Every electron in the universe is exactly like every other: the same mass, the same charge, the same spin. No electron has ever been seen to decay, or to reveal an inner structure. Two heavier copies of it exist — and only two. Every electron has a mirror twin — the positron, of...

Why Three Generations: A Three-Leg Derivation of N_g=3 from BI-6, MSMF, and GDOS Morse Stability

Everything ordinary in the universe is built from the first family of matter particles: the electron, the up quark, the down quark, and their neutrino. Yet nature manufactured two heavier copies of that family — and then stopped. Why three? For half a century the Standard Model h...

The Hubble Tension in the Light of GG-Theory: The Hubble Constant as One Reading of a Derived Expansion History H(t)

For a century, "how fast is the universe expanding?" was a question answered by measuring. By 2026 the measuring had split: read from the afterglow of the Big Bang, the rate comes out near 67 (in astronomers' units); read from the local ladder of stellar distances, 73.50 ± 0.81 —...

The Proton as the Ground Geometric Attractor of Matter: The Eleven Questions of the Proton, Closed and Fenced within GG-Theory

Nearly everything you have ever weighed is protons and neutrons, and nearly all of that weight is neither. The proton is a seething bound state — three valence quarks awash in gluons and quark–antiquark pairs, its mass almost entirely interaction energy — and yet it presents to t...

The GG-Constitution: Four Axioms and Seven Postulates of the GG-Theory Program, From Which GG-6, BI-6, OGN-5, and GDOS Descend as Theorems

Every theory of nature is built on a foundation, yet that foundation is rarely written down. For three and a half centuries — from Newton through Maxwell, Einstein, and the Standard Model — physics has worked beautifully without making its rules of admissibility explicit, relying...