Sapienza University of Rome

Early Versus Delayed Oxytocin Augmentation in Nulliparous Women with Spontaneous Dysfunctional Labour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The timing of oxytocin for slow labour progress rests on custom rather than evidence, and existing syntheses pool clinically distinct populations. Objectives: We restricted this systematic review to nulliparous women in established active-phase labour with a trial-spe...

Moving bottlenecks in traffic flows: a well-posed fully coupled nonlocal PDE-ODE model with time delay

We propose a nonlocal PDE-ODE strongly coupled system describing the interaction between traffic flow and a moving bottleneck, induced by e.g. a controlled vehicle. The bulk traffic density evolves according to a nonlocal scalar conservation law with time delay, while the bottlen...

A Methodological Reference Framework for Identifying and Valuing Intangible Benefits in Cost–Benefit Analysis of Public Health Interventions

Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is a primary tool for appraising public investments, yet its reliability weakens when interventions generate benefits that are intangible and difficult to monetize. The challenge is acute in public health, where outcomes such as reduced mortality and m...

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), yet the optimal strategy for thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) are commonly used agents...

Exploring the interplay between interoception and dissociative experiences: insights from a non-clinical population

Alterations in interoception have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric conditions, including those involving dissociative tendencies. Thus, investigating the link between interoception and dissociation may shed light on the mechanisms supporting self-consciousn...

Plant‐Derived Bioactives and PPAR Signaling in Functional Dyspepsia: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives

ABSTRACT Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut‐brain interaction in which gastric sensorimotor abnormalities may coexist with impaired duodenal barrier function, low‐grade immune activation, and altered neuroimmune signaling. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated rece...

Anatomical Determinants of the Left Atrial Electrograms: Wall Thickness and Myocardial Fat Infiltration

INTRODUCTION: Electrogram peak-to-peak voltage depends on atrial wall structure and mapping configuration. We evaluated the relationship between computed tomography-derived atrial wall thickness, intramyocardial fat, myocardial muscle thickness, and electrogram voltage obtained w...

Who shapes Resilience Engineering? Gendered epistemic asymmetries in a socio-technical knowledge community

Resilience engineering is concerned with modelling adaptive capacity and performance variability in complex systems. As such, it constitutes a body of research and a knowledge community whose epistemic configuration may shape theoretical development primarily in ergonomics and so...

Paracetamol: A History of Assumptions, Errors, and Evidence Reversals in Pain Management

Abstract Purpose of Review Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is among the most widely used medications in the history of humanity for treatment of pain conditions. For more than half a century, it has occupied a unique position as the archetypal first-line analgesic and antipyretic, re...

Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study

Background Enfortumab vedotin (EV) therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma is limited by adverse events (AEs). Early identification of high-risk patients is needed. This proof-of-concept study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) with explainable AI (SHAP) could predict EV t...

(Re)Allocation of Police Capacity in Multiple Stages of Efficiency

Crime puts sustained pressure on public security budgets in Latin America, yet police resources are often distributed with little reference to the production capacity of the units that receive them. This study addresses the problem of reallocating police personnel and vehicles ac...

A sociocultural perspective on the role of AI in shaping intercultural communicative competence in L2 education

As AI-powered tutors increasingly appear in language education, their role in shaping learners' communicative practices invites critical scrutiny. Grounded in Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory and its application to L2 development, this paper conceptualises AI not as a neutral educ...

Lifelong Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 and Hepatic Safety

This genetic association study investigates whether the full spectrum of rare PCSK9 loss-of-function variants is associated with incident liver-related outcomes, given the development of therapies targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).

Five years of clinical application of independent Monte Carlo-based patient-specific quality assurance at Maastro Proton Therapy Center

Introduction At the Maastro Proton Therapy Center in Maastricht, patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) based on independent GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations fully replaces conventional measurements. Measurement-based PSQA is time- and resource-intensive and...

Patients’ and oncologists’ perspectives on shared decision-making and treatment communication in HR+/HER2 − advanced breast cancer: a multicountry survey

Hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) represents approximately 70% of all cases. In locally advanced or metastatic stages (laBC/mBC), patients’ quality of life (QoL) often worsens, making shared decision-maki...

Molecular Pathogenesis, Global Epidemiological Trends, and Treatment Strategies for Pteropine Orthoreoviruses: A Narrative Review

Pteropine orthoreoviruses are emerging bat-borne zoonotic viruses of the genus Orthoreovirus (family Reoviridae), increasingly recognized as causes of acute respiratory disease in humans. Originally grouped with the largely non-pathogenic mammalian orthoreoviruses, they have chal...

Hydraulic Conductivity in the Mesozoic Units of the Umbria–Marche Succession (Italy): Insights Towards a Sustainable Management of Carbonate Aquifers Worldwide

Carbonates host valuable groundwater and geo-energy resources in shallow (<0.2 km below groudsurface) and deep (0.2 to 4 km) aquifers, respectively. The hydraulic conductivities of fractured carbonates are unknown at elevated depths (>0.2 km below ground level). To tackle this sc...

Management of Acute Periodontal Conditions—The EFP S2k Level Clinical Practice Guideline

BACKGROUND: The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) has developed Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of periodontitis and for the management of peri-implant diseases. In accordance with the 2018 Classification, acute periodontal conditions are character...

Prognostic Role of Adverse Events in a Worldwide Population of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to cisplatin–gemcitabine improves overall survival (OS), but validated biomarkers of benefit remain limited. Immune-mediated adverse ev...

Non‐contrast CT Markers of Hematoma Expansion and Andexanet Response in Factor Xa Inhibitor‐Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Analysis from ANNEXa ‐I Trial

In this post hoc analysis of the ANNEXa-I trial (n = 434), we evaluated non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers of hematoma expansion (HE) in factor Xa inhibitor (FXai) -associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). At least one NCCT marker was present in 72.1%, and HE (≥12....