King's College London

Infant Attention to Eyes Versus Mouth Varies With Mouth Movement Speed, Family History of Autism and Language Development

Abstract Purpose Patterns of visual attention to faces are mixed in infants with a family history of autism relative to controls. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with autism and could represent one source of variance in findings. Heterogeneity in l...

Evaluating Unsteady Forces in Turbulence-Modeled Flows from Vorticity and Reynolds Stress

Vortex force maps (VFMs) link vortical flow structures to aerodynamic forces through compact-domain integrals weighted by geometry-only Laplace potentials. Existing VFM demonstrations include inviscid, laminar, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional applications but cannot analyz...

The Impact of Heterogeneity in Individual Characteristics and Motivation to Quit Heroin Use on Contingency Management and Opioid Agonist Treatment Response: A Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction Contingency Management (CM) involves the systematic application of positive reinforcement (financial incentives) to promote behaviour change, to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). To better understand patient heterogen...

Astrocytic activity in treatment-resistant and ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Astrocytic dysfunction has been implicated in schizophrenia, but biomarkers of astrocytic activity have shown inconsistent patterns. Studies on disease heterogeneity, specifically treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (UTRS) are lacki...

Do participant testimony videos make people more interested in taking part in a clinical trial? A randomised Study Within a Trial (SWAT), registration SWAT203

Abstract Background Potentially eligible participants do not always agree to take part in trials when approached, which makes recruitment more challenging, time-consuming, and costly. We conducted a Study Within a Trial (SWAT) to evaluate whether showing people brief video testim...

Do Children Who Develop Faster Go on to Age Faster in Midlife?

We quantified the association between rate of child development and pace of midlife aging in the Dunedin Study and the Add Health Study. Physical development was quantified in Dunedin participants ( N = 1,037; age 45) using a composite comprised of (1) birth weight for gestationa...

Hybrid Butterworth Filter and Autoencoder for Time-Series Anomaly Detection in Agricultural IoT Sensors

Internet of Things (IoT) sensors deployed in agricultural environments frequently suffer from noise interference caused by environmental fluctuations, which degrades the performance of deep-learning-based anomaly detection. This work presents a hybrid pipeline combining a Butterw...

Combat Injury, Limb Loss, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Military Personnel

Importance Given the burden and rising number of injuries from recent conflict zones such as Ukraine and the Middle East, understanding the long-term health outcomes of those with physical traumatic injuries is critical. Objective To investigate psychosocial outcomes among UK mil...

Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning

Flexible behavior depends on continuous updating of internal models, yet the neural circuits coordinating this process remain poorly understood. The claustrum, which is reciprocally connected to nearly the entire neocortex, is uniquely positioned to influence cortical processing....

Overweight and obesity in China: a growing economic burden

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity (OAO) over recent decades has imposed substantial health and economic burden worldwide. OAO is a well-established modifiable risk factor that increases population risk of multiple chronic associated complications, and this study qua...

Population‐Stratified Distributions of Post‐Mortem Blood Drug Concentrations: An Epidemiological Framework for Contextual Interpretation

ABSTRACT Interpretation of post‐mortem drug concentrations remains a major challenge in forensic toxicology because factors, including post‐mortem redistribution, drug tolerance, polypharmacy and inter‐individual variability, limit the utility of fixed therapeutic, toxic or purpo...

Deep phenotyping of white matter tissue composition in dementia with Lewy bodies

Abstract Background White matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) on MRI are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and more severe WMSA have been associated with increased neurodegeneration in DLB. However, the underlying mechanisms of WMSA remain unclear. Single-Shell 3-Tissue C...

Neurodiversity and generative AI in higher education: A sequential multi-method qualitative study of students’ interactions, motivations, and strategies

Neurodivergent students have been largely overlooked in research examining student experiences with generative AI (GenAI) in higher education, creating critical knowledge gaps about inclusive educational technology use. This sequential multi-method qualitative study examined how...

TBK1 eliminates aggregation-prone monomeric TDP-43 through an IFNβ-immunoproteasome pathway in ALS models

Abstract Loss-of-function mutations in TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), characterized by cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), known as TDP-43 pathology, but the mechanisms beyond i...

Pickering Emulsions with Long-Term Stability from Ultrafine Amphiphilic Benzyl-Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Abstract Pickering emulsions offer superior stability and eco-friendly properties across multiple industries due to solid particle stabilization at oil–water interfaces. However, the design and synthesis of ultrafine nanoparticles capable of stabilizing Pickering emulsions have a...

Surgical Indications for Type II Thyroplasty in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Objective This scoping review mapped evidence on surgical eligibility criteria, efficacy, durability, and safety of Type II thyroplasty with titanium bridges for adductor spasmodic dysphonia to identify gaps and inconsistencies among studies and propose preliminary inter...

Malignant Transformation in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

ABSTRACT Background In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer convened an international expert workshop to establish an updated consensus on the nomenclature and classification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The working gr...

Protocolised analgosedation in mechanically ventilated adult patients: A scoping review

Purpose Our objectives were to assess structure and content of analgosedation protocols used for mechanically ventilated adult patients, including those receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), against current international sedation guidelines, and to explore reporte...

Advertising with HAART: Introducing Human–AI Asymmetric Relationship Theory

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)is rapidly reconfiguring advertising from message delivery and optimization to relationship-like exchanges between consumers and brands. While existing work has explained these interactions through social response accounts and interperson...

Navigating stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of maternal experiences

Background Cultural beliefs, social expectations, and the quality of maternity care shape how women perceive stillbirth, cope with loss, and navigate their identity after bereavement. Understanding these experiences is essential for improving emotional support and respectful care...