Karolinska Institutet

Surgical Site Infections After External Ventricular Drain Placement: Incidence, Patient-Related, and Periprocedural Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a routine neurosurgical procedure for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Despite standardized procedures, a considerable risk of infection remains. While CSF EVD-related infections (EVD-RI) are common and...

Evidence-based atlas of risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders: an umbrella review to inform personalized prognosis and prevention.

Identifying updated, evidence-based risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders is essential to advancing scientific and clinical knowledge of their etiology. Since the most recent umbrella review published in this journal, the evidence base has expanded substantially. Fo...

Conserved hepatic RNA signatures across multiple cohorts reveal novel mechanistic clues for advanced fibrosis in human MASLD.

BACKGROUND: Fibrosis development in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a key indicator of disease progression and clinical outcome. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics on human tissue have advanced understanding of fibrosis progress...

Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identifies Central Role for Inflammatory Pathways

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic mechanisms underlying susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remain poorly understood. Identifying causal DNA methylation markers for AAA can elucidate the regulatory processes that drive aneurysm formation and accelerate translational applicatio...

A twin study of employment uncertainty and sickness absence due to mental disorders accounting for familial factors and personality

Abstract While both insecure employments and sickness absence due to mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders are common on the labor market and pose major public health concerns, their interrelations are not well understood. This prospective twin study examined the associatio...

Risk factors of post-COVID-19 symptoms, a cross-sectional study in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease

Post-COVID-19 symptoms are common following COVID-19, but risk factors of persistent symptoms in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) remain unclear. We aimed to assess the frequency and risk factors of post-COVID-19 symptoms in patients with asthma an...

Heritability of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Based Middle-Aged and Older Adults from Four International Twin Cohorts

Fruit and vegetable intakes have been associated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms in observational studies, potentially due to anti-inflammatory properties, micronutrient content, and effects on the gut-brain axis. Understanding the genetic and environmental influences on...

Insulin Resistance in the 21st Century: New Takes on an Old Problem—2025 Diabetes , Diabetes Care , and Diabetologia Expert Forum

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and several other metabolic diseases. However, efforts to improve insulin resistance are hindered by the biological complexity inherent to insulin action, as well as conceptual and methodological limitations to date. In Septembe...

Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem—2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and several other metabolic diseases. However, efforts to improve insulin resistance are hindered by the biological complexity inherent to insulin action, as well as conceptual and methodological limitations to date. In Septembe...

Titin Serum Level Is Elevated in Patients with Myocarditis Depending on Their Genetic Background

Background: The molecular basis of myocarditis is often associated with genetic cardiomyopathies and truncating or loss-of-function variants in the titin gene (TTNtv/lof). Here, we hypothesize that titin serum levels increase in patients with myocarditis, and that this can depend...

The comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes modifies the association of body roundness index with chronic kidney disease: findings from two cross-sectional studies in China and the US

This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of the comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes on the association of body roundness index (BRI) with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 20,261 participants from Fuqing Cohort Study (FQCS) in China and 6,434 participants...

Perspectives of women and healthcare providers on facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening in the rural Kilimanjaro region Tanzania: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer can be prevented and treated if detected early through regular screening. However, 88% of women aged 30 to 49 have never been screened in Tanzania. OBJECTIVE: This study explored facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women and he...

The Complex Interplay of Duration of Residence and Region of Birth on Perinatal Outcomes Among Migrant Women in Australia: A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background Although migrants are recognised as heterogeneous, research often emphasises origin over receiving‐context experiences. Objectives We investigated maternal risk factors and perinatal outcomes by duration of residence in Australia, stratified by region of birth...

Integrated Multi‐Omics Reveals Cellular States and Microenvironmental Remodeling in Coexisting DCIS and IDC

ABSTRACT Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non‐invasive precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), yet the biological mechanisms underlying the transition from DCIS to IDC remain incompletely understood. Here, we integrate spatial transcriptomics, single‐cell RNA sequencing...

Validation of Parent‐Report Questionnaires for Large‐Scale Online Screening of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective Studies assessing the validity of screening measures for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) remain scarce. We evaluated the diagnostic performance and validity of an online, parent‐reported screening approach for ARFID in a population‐based sampl...

Long-term Trends in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Ischemic Outcomes after Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Aims Invasive management and intensive antithrombotic regimens have decreased ischemic risk after myocardial infarction (MI) at the cost of more bleeding. Of particular concern is upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), which is both common and preventable, yet not well...

Assessing the consistency of overall survival extrapolations in Swedish health technology assessment reports of oncology treatments using extended follow-up data

BACKGROUND: Long-term overall survival (OS) extrapolations underpin cost-effectiveness appraisals, projecting survival beyond trial follow-up. We aimed to compare extrapolations presented in manufacturer submissions and appraisals published by the Swedish Dental and Pharmaceutica...

Leisure-time physical activity, sun exposure, and multiple sclerosis risk: a population-based case–control study

Abstract Background Physical activity benefits symptoms and function in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its relevance to MS susceptibility remains uncertain and may be difficult to separate from correlated lifestyle and environmental factors, including sun exposure. Meth...

Changes in vocal fold contact across the voice field after injection laryngoplasty

Rationale: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) causes glottic insufficiency that varies in severity across the phonation range, yet treatment outcomes are typically evaluated through perceptual ratings or acoustic indices obtained at a single vocal effort level. This study use...

Major adverse cardiac events and mortality associated with ADHD and its treatment in adults with type 2 diabetes: a multi-national cohort study

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the impact of ADHD and ADHD medication use on prognosis and health outcomes in T2D remains unclear. This study investigates the associations of...