Johns Hopkins University

HPV vaccine uptake and barriers among adolescent girls and young women living in the urban slums of Kampala, Uganda

A high incidence of cervical cancer is evident in several low-income countries, particularly in the urban slums that harbor densely populated poor communities. Even though Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a key strategy for cervical cancer, the uptake remains low in thes...

Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in precision medicine and body-brain axis

The concept of precision medicine has emerged over the past decade: it emphasizes the utilization of human genomic data, demonstrating that molecular variations could predict therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. This approach has been highly successful in oncology and oth...

Nancy J. Cox, PhD: A One Health hero in influenza surveillance

Abstract Background : This program continues to provide human and animal health authorities with information on zoonotic human and swine influenza viruses and infections for their early detection, disease prevention and control, and pandemic preparedness. Aim : The aim is to exam...

Identifying clinical diagnostic trajectories associated with suicide death using temporal sequence mining of linked claims and mortality data

Most approaches to suicide risk assessment consider clinical conditions as independent risk factors, potentially overlooking prognostic information in the order in which conditions accumulate. We applied temporal sequence mining to linked claims and mortality data to identify ord...

Quality of life in hyperkalemia: baseline analysis of a cohort study of management of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure in Japan

Abstract Background Hyperkalemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), often leading to treatment dilemmas regarding renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Although potassium binders and dietary restrictions are central to chr...

Validation of pure and total movement dispersion variables as measures of the distribution of daily activity using accelerometers: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort

Abstract Aim Physical activity (PA) positively impacts health, but the optimal way to achieve PA remains unclear. Pure and total movement dispersion are novel metrics that quantify the spread of movement across the day, with (total) or without (pure) intensity. The purpose of thi...

Identification and characterization of factors that govern apicoplast segregation in Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract The apicoplast is an essential plastid organelle of apicomplexan parasites that supports indispensable metabolic pathways, and its successful inheritance during cell division is critical for parasite survival. Here, we identify two previously uncharacterized proteins, AP...

Mapping private equity investments in India’s health care sector: trends, ownership, and policy implications

Abstract Introduction Private equity (PE) investment in India’s health care sector has surged over the past decade, driven by favorable policy reforms, macroeconomic conditions, and a rising demand for health care. This study offers the first systematic mapping of PE ownership in...

Vocational and Educational Outcomes in Adults With Sturge–Weber Syndrome: Preliminary Results From a Clinical Needs Assessment

ABSTRACT Objective The clinical presentation of Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is highly variable, with seizures during infancy and co‑occurring neurodevelopmental conditions commonly reported. Although these features are known to affect childhood functioning, their relationship to...

Associations between substance use by type and HIV viral suppression across multiple cohorts in the US

Substance use among people with HIV (PWH) represents an important obstacle to further reductions in HIV transmission. Using data from a diverse collection of five studies including people with HIV in care and those in community cohorts, we report results for analyses of the assoc...

Systemic Retinoids in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Scoping Review of Clinical Use and Evidence Gaps

Systemic retinoids are ubiquitously used in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), often in combination with skin-directed or systemic therapies, yet their role within contemporary multimodal treatment strategies has not been comprehensively synthesized. We conducted a PRISMA-ScR-guid...

Region-specific proteomic analysis of aging rhesus macaques following chronic glutamate-carboxypeptidase-II (GCPII) inhibition elucidates potential treatment strategies for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) lacks effective preventive therapies, underscoring the need to target pathogenic drivers. Aberrant calcium signaling is an established early event in sAD pathogenesis that is closely linked to neuroinflammation. Aged rhesus macaques are predomin...

Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning applied to liver MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma detection: a systematic review and HSROC meta-analysis of patient-level evidence

Abstract Background Liver MRI is central to non-invasive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) is increasingly studied for detection and interpretation, but the maturity, transportability, and patient-level diagnostic evidence for these systems remain uncer...

Emergency obstetric and newborn care availability, utilization and referral capabilities in Zambia using a national facility census

Abstract Introduction Improving maternal and newborn health remains a global priority. Despite an increase in the number of health facilities providing childbirth services, not all can perform basic or comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) to avert maternal a...

Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz in Pregnancy and Postpartum with and Without First-line Tuberculosis Drugs: Results from IMPAACT P1026s

Efavirenz (EFV) pharmacokinetics (PK) may be influenced by both pregnancy-related physiological changes and concurrent treatment for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB), and intensive 24-h EFV PK data during rifampin (RIF)/ isoniazid (INH) treatment in pregnant women living with...

Management of Type 2 Diabetes, 2026. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the consensus statement on the management of type 2 diabetes in nonpregnant adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2022. The target audience is the multid...

Setting of Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis Among Women Enrolled in Medicare

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the setting of an initial diagnosis of alcohol use disorder among Medicare-enrolled women. METHODS: Using 2016-2022 Medicare fee-for-service claims, the authors identified the first alcohol use disorder diagnosis for women ages 18-64 years (N=116,2...

Brain gray matter changes across chronic pain trajectories: MRI evidence from 35,000 individuals

ABSTRACT: Chronic pain affects brain gray matter structure, but the magnitude, pattern, and reversibility of brain changes upon pain recovery remain unclear because of inconsistent findings from small-scale studies. We analyzed data from 35,052 UK Biobank participants who complet...

Shock propagation through a local constriction

The interaction of a moving shock wave with a localised constriction in a straight conduit is studied using large-eddy simulations, validated against time-resolved schlieren imaging and wall-pressure measurements from shock-tube experiments. The blockage ratio (0.35–0.75) and the...

Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics—What the General Pediatrician Needs to Know About Life After Critical Illness

As mortality from pediatric critical illness has declined, post intensive care syndrome in pediatrics (PICS-p) has emerged as a framework to describe the broad and often long-lasting morbidities experienced by survivors of pediatric critical illness. PICS-p encompasses new or wor...