Johns Hopkins University

Anxiety state-related task disengagement varies with trait anxiety

Cognitively demanding tasks are often perceived as costly, leading to effort avoidance, particularly in populations with motivational impairments. Research on anxiety and cognitive effort are mixed: some suggest anxiety increases effort cost, while others indicate it can motivate...

Validation of the International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms using the International Consortium for Myelodysplastic Syndromes VALIDATE database and a randomized phase III trial

Response assessment criteria in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) have been updated in the 2023 International Working Group (IWG) criteria. However, validation of these criteria has been limited to date. We analyzed overall survival (OS) by be...

Transcriptional regulation and function of GPR18 in macrophage subtype specification

Resolution of inflammation is mediated in part by agonists that engage immune cells to dampen inflammatory signaling, promote phagocytic functions, and facilitate tissue repair. G protein–coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) has emerged as an important proresolving receptor that is activa...

Biomarker discrepancies following chimeric antigen receptor T cells: implications in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Not available.

Health system and household costs of preventive treatment delivery for children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa

Background Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is a core component of TB control. Levofloxacin was recently recommended by the World Health Organization as TPT in children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, the affordability and feasibility of...

INCREASED PREVALENCE OF PANCREATIC CYSTS IN NONSECRETOR (FUT2 NULL) INDIVIDUALS UNDER PANCREATIC SURVEILLANCE

Abstract Background: Pancreatic surveillance commonly detects pancreatic cysts, most of which are presumed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). FUT2, the gene responsible for secretor status, has been implicated in IPMN development, although not with pancreatic cancer...

Enhancing Postpartum Care for Incarcerated People With Opioid Use Disorder: A Multimodal Intervention for Jail Staff

Incarcerated postpartum individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are vulnerable to poor health outcomes, but care provision in custody for this population is variable. Addressing their distinct needs is crucial for improving correctional health care for postpartum people. In th...

Cysteine-based molecular switches: a focus on KEAP1 and BACH1 in regulating the antioxidant response

Due to the chemical properties of their thiol groups and the surrounding amino acid environment, specific cysteines in proteins serve as the principal intracellular sensors for oxidants and electrophiles. In this review, we focus on the ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-li...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

Willingness to Participate in HIV Cure Research Among Young People Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPLHIV) represent a unique population for HIV cure research, offering opportunities to assess interventions in a group for whom adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is particularly challenging. Understanding their perspect...

HPV vaccine uptake and barriers among adolescent girls and young women living in the urban slums of Kampala, Uganda

A high incidence of cervical cancer is evident in several low-income countries, particularly in the urban slums that harbor densely populated poor communities. Even though Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a key strategy for cervical cancer, the uptake remains low in thes...

Shared transcriptional consequences of epigenetic machinery disruption in murine neuronal progenitors

The Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) are an emerging group of disorders which commonly involve disruption of intellect and growth. To investigate consequences of epigenetic machinery (EM) disruption during neurodevelopment, we systematically knocked out (KO...

HMGA1 and HMGA2: epigenetic regulators in myeloproliferative neoplasms and novel platelet transcriptomic biomarkers of myelofibrosis

We read with great interest two recent studies by Handa et al. [ 1 ] and Bartalucci et al. [ 2 ] reporting novel chromosomal deletions within the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of HMGA2 (Δ3’ HMGA2 ) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Both teams identified submicroscopic deleti...

A systematic review of hydrocephalus and psychiatric comorbidities in children and adults with spina bifida

Spina bifida in children and adults is accompanied by substantial psychiatric comorbidity. Hydrocephalus is a common complication of spina bifida and is associated with functional and cognitive deficits, but the role of hydrocephalus in psychiatric comorbidities of spina bifida i...

A glial perspective on the neuropsychiatric effects of cannabis in adolescence and aging

Cannabis use is increasing across a broad range of ages as legal access and social acceptance continue to expand. Its neurobiological effects, however, are unlikely to be uniform across the lifespan. Adolescent cannabis use is associated with later psychiatric and neurocognitive...

Umbilical cord red blood cell transfusions in very premature neonates: A physiologically aligned transfusion strategy

The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

No difference in alloimmunization of pregnant adults with sickle cell disease exposed to chronic versus on‐demand transfusions: A two‐center retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Pregnant people with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience high morbidity and mortality, even when RBC transfusion is safe and available. There is a lack of consensus on transfusion use partly due to concern for alloimmunization. This study examined alloimmuniz...

Outcome heterogeneity in CALR ‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms

Summary Calreticulin gene ( CALR ) mutations are seen in 25%–30% of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We report outcomes and high‐risk genomic signatures in 149 patients with CALR‐mutated MPN. CALR‐mutated essential thrombocythaemia ( n = 106) progressed to myelofibrosis ( n =...

An international multicenter analysis of the outcome of pediatric first variceal hemorrhage

Background & Aims: Management of portal hypertension in children including primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding is controversial due to limited understanding of mortality risk after first variceal hemorrhage (1VH). This international multicenter study was designed to advance...

Surrogate Decision-Making for Older Adults With and Without Dementia

Importance End-of-life care for older individuals in the US frequently includes interventions that may be burdensome and inconsistent with patient preferences. Few experimental studies have assessed potentially modifiable factors associated with surrogate recommendations. Objecti...