Johns Hopkins University

Impact of data quality on deep learning prediction of spatial transcriptomics from histology images

Abstract Background Spatial transcriptomic technologies enable high-throughput quantification of gene expression at specific locations across tissue sections, facilitating insights into the spatial organization of biological processes. However, high costs associated with these te...

Doing Constructivist Grounded Theory Well: A Practical Guide for Hospitalists

Grounded theory offers rich possibilities for health-related qualitative research, yet it is frequently misunderstood. Grounded theory is not simply a coding method, but a rigorous methodological approach, with core elements impacting the entire research process, whose goal is to...

Adapting in-cell ELISA to investigate the localization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins

The development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines remains challenging due to extensive viral genetic diversity and the complex biology of the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which are major targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies and are associated with spontaneous viral c...

Aphasia treatment research: a decision-making tool to guide the design of phased trials from the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs) trials for aphasia panel

Background Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials with meta-analyses indicate that speech and language therapy for aphasia after stroke is effective in improving communication. However, high-quality evidence to identify an intervention’s target population (who), regim...

Platelet-Rich Plasma Facet Joint Injections for Post-Traumatic Lumbar Facet-Mediated Pain: A Two-Patient Case Report

Background Lumbar facet-mediated pain is a common contributor to axial low back pain and may occur after traumatic or mechanical injury, even when advanced imaging demonstrates only mild degenerative or nonspecific findings. Standard interventional treatment pathways often includ...

Zippers and Twisters: Planes of Satellite Galaxies Emerge from Whirling and Shocking Gas Streams in the Cosmic Web

Abstract We investigate dwarf satellite systems around massive centrals analogs (Milky Way to Centaurus A) in the NewHorizon simulation. Using simple estimators limiting overdetection, we identify planes of satellites comparable to observations in 30%–70% of cases. The full sampl...

Comprehensive Analysis of US Health Care Spending on Injuries

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury affects every age group, payer, and care setting in the United States, yet how injury-related spending distributes across these dimensions has not been comprehensively quantified. OBJECTIVE: To estimate US health care spending on injuries in 2022 by m...

Obstetric pharmacogenomics

Pregnancy profoundly alters drug disposition through dynamic physiologic adaptations affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Although pharmacogenomics has transformed precision therapeutics across multiple medical specialties, its application during pregnan...

Physician Perceptions of Particulate Versus Non-Particulate Steroids in Epidural Steroid Injections

Background Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are widely used for the treatment of chronic spinal pain, particularly in cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Corticosteroids used in ESIs are broadly classified as particulate or non-particulate formulations, each with distinct safety...

Aquatic predators as complementary tools for mosquito vector control: current evidence, ecological considerations, and future directions

Insecticide-based strategies for mosquito control are increasingly constrained by insecticide resistance, sparking interest in eco-friendly alternatives, one of which is the use of aquatic predators to reduce mosquito densities. Evidence from laboratory, semi-field, and localized...

Transplant Infectious Diseases Work Standards—Results From a Mid‐Atlantic Regional Survey

BACKGROUND: As transplantation and cellular therapy expand, so must the transplant infectious diseases (TID) workforce; yet little is known about regional or national TID work standards for the existing workforce. This survey of TID clinicians in the mid-Atlantic region seeks to...

Longitudinal evaluation of sleep disturbances in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Abstract Purpose The current study examines longitudinal changes in sleep disturbances and the risks they pose for new-onset health conditions in survivors of childhood cancer. Methods Five-year survivors ( N = 1081; median [range] age 50.0 [45.2–55.0] years) and siblings ( N = 2...

Agitation in dementia: Evidence-based consensus recommendations

Agitation is among the most disabling behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, contributing substantially to caregiver burden, institutionalization, and healthcare utilization. Considering the modest efficacy and significant adverse effects associated with psychotropic...

Distributed burst firing mediates optimized cortical encoding of natural self-motion

Accurate perception of self-motion requires that vestibular input be transformed into neural representations suitable for integrating multisensory cues to guide action. Here, we demonstrate that vestibular cortical neurons represent the self-motion stimuli encountered during ever...

Challenges and needs of people living with diabetes in self-management in Ethiopia: A qualitative exploration

Abstract Background Diabetes is unique due to its cross-cutting nature, impacting multiple organ systems and increasing the risk for other communicable and non-communicable diseases if not managed properly. Managing diabetes involves frequent blood glucose measurement, medication...

Addressing Medical Neglect in Children With Complex Chronic Conditions

In this issue of Pediatrics, Cleveland et al report a cross-sectional analysis of a 2-state, multiyear database of linked child protective services (CPS) and Medicaid claims data to characterize the prevalence and associations of complex chronic condition (CCC) status across CPS...

Duration of Therapeutic Hypothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Importance Therapeutic hypothermia is widely used for neuroprotection following cardiac arrest, but clinical trials have not consistently demonstrated improved neurological outcomes, and the optimal duration of cooling remains uncertain. Objective To determine the duration of the...

Structurally competent care for families facing the continuous traumatic stress of community violence and systemic racism

Abstract In racially and economically segregated communities, structural violence and chronic adversity perpetuate the risk for community violence and related trauma exposure. Despite widespread awareness of community violence, urban youth of color are among those least likely to...

Local Sustained Delivery of Temozolomide via an Injectable Poly(Anhydride-Ester) Depot for Glioblastoma Therapy

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive primary brain malignancies, with limited therapeutic progress over the past two decades. Systemic administration of temozolomide (TMZ) is a pillar of clinical management but is constrained by poor brain...

Reproducibility of Volumetric Analysis using Ultra-Low-Field Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Brain volume change over time is an important imaging-based biomarker of disease. However, traditional MR scanners are associated with high direct and indirect costs both up front and over time, rendering them inaccessible to many around the world. Recently, ultra-low-field (64 m...