Imperial College London

Visual, vestibular, and ocular motor changes during nitroglycerin‐triggered vestibular migraine

BACKGROUND: Intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) is a well-established model for provoking migraine attacks, but it has not previously been used to characterize vestibular migraine (VM). Different types of nystagmus have been reported during spontaneous VM attacks. We aimed to measure...

Performance of vision-language models compared with 252 medical students on text-only and image-based dermatology examinations

Abstract Vision–language models (VLMs) are increasingly evaluated in medical education, yet their performance on visually intensive assessments remains incompletely understood. We compared four state-of-the-art VLMs (ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Flash, and Gemini 3 Pro) with...

Global distribution of lung cancer staging at diagnosis: a systematic review

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with stage at diagnosis significantly influencing survival outcomes. This systematic review evaluates global variations in lung cancer stage distribution at diagnosis and examines the associations of soc...

Data-Driven Aerodynamic Kernel Functions for Boundary Element Flow Models

A method for predicting aerodynamic flows using learned kernel functions for the underlying boundary element problem is introduced. A formulation for the baseline potential flow kernels is presented, followed by the methodology of learning the kernel from a computational fluid dy...

Few-shot neuromorphic vision in a nonlinear photonic network laser

With the growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI), demand increases for hardware that mimics the brain’s ability to extract structure from limited data. In the retina, ganglion cells detect features from sparse inputs via lateral inhibition, where neurons antagonistical...

Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin are consistent across polypharmacy burden in CKD: the CREDENCE trial

Abstract Background Polypharmacy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is substantial. Clinicians and patients are often reluctant to add medications to already complex regimens, partly due to concerns about diminishing efficacy and increased adverse effects. We assessed whether effica...

Decomposition of wastewater sources in England

Abstract The flow arriving at a wastewater treatment plant mixes municipal sewage, rainfall, soil moisture and groundwater, yet is routinely interpreted as if its composition were fixed. Despite the uncertainty this introduces to any case where the signal is used, from combined s...

Nanoparticle accumulation in the lymph node is impaired in aged mice

Abstract Vaccine responses are impaired in aged mice and older people. A key first step in mounting successful responses to vaccines is for antigens to access the draining lymph node from the site of injection. Here we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle drainage to the lymph...

Quantifying the Photoelectrochemically Active Surface Area for Oxygen Evolution Metal Oxide Photoelectrocatalysts

Abstract Nanostructuring is established as a photoelectrode performance enhancing route for solar-driven catalytic processes. However, it is often unclear to what extent the increase in photoelectrode physical surface area directly results in a commensurate increase in photoelect...

Shaping light in 3D for direct asymmetric photochemistry: a 1000-fold enantioselectivity enhancement

Abstract Shaping electronic motion with tailored light enables unprecedented control over matter: from realising topological states in quantum materials to steering chemical reactions along specific pathways. Yet, despite the vital roles of molecular chirality across nature, stan...

Glycemic and bodyweight effects of GIPR coding variation reflect differences in surface expression and intrinsic functional impairment

The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is a major therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Missense variation in GIPR could confer phenotypic effects through alterations to constitutive activity or functional responses to GIP or pharmacological...

Capturing quality of life in pouch anal and vaginal fistula: development of PAVF-QoL-14, a patient-reported outcome measure

Abstract Introduction Perianal pouch fistula can significantly affect quality of life, yet no disease-specific patient reported outcome measure (PROM) exists. We have developed and validated a 14-item PROM—the Pouch Anal and Vaginal Fistula Quality of Life scale (PAVF-QoL-14). Me...

Techno–economic optimisation of hydrogen geological storage in UK depleted gas reservoirs

Long-duration energy storage is becoming critical in the UK to manage renewable intermittency, prolonged low-generation periods, and energy curtailment. Depleted natural gas reservoirs offer a promising option for large-scale underground hydrogen storage because of their substant...

Overall and serotype-specific dengue virus transmission intensity in Mexico, 2016–2023: A modelling study of case-notification data

Background Mexico, and the Americas region more widely, have experienced increased dengue incidence in recent years, and there are concerns that the changing climate may enhance dengue virus (DENV) transmission in the future. Whilst previous studies have characterised spatial het...

Primary care quality and secondary healthcare utilisation in patients with multimorbidity: a retrospective cohort study

Background High-quality primary care can improve multimorbidity management but little evidence is available to understand its impact on secondary care use over time. Aim To assess the concurrent and lagged associations between quality of primary care and planned and unplanned sec...

Autoimmune-associated thrombosis: mechanisms, population burden, and prevention strategies

Autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic vasculitis, are associated with increased risk of thrombosis, accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiovascular-events, and premature mortality. Heparin-induced th...

Six weeks of isometric resistance training led to evidence of corticospinal but not reticulospinal adaptation in previously untrained adult males

Abstract The latest hypothesis regarding the source of enhanced neural activation from resistance training is the reticulospinal rather than the corticospinal tract, based on invasive animal and emerging human data. The present study employed a six-week isometric resistance train...

Reproducible human reward imaging phenotypes exhibit differential sensitivity to dopamine D2 receptor antagonism

Abstract Human reward processing varies along cue-centric and outcome-centric axes, but a reproducible mechanistic account of individual variation in incentive salience attribution has been lacking. Using fMRI across five cohorts (N-total=1,251; N1=890; N2=245; N3=34; N4=48; N5=3...

Formalizing Multi-graded Brenner–Schröer Proj Schemes and Dilatations of Rings in Lean4

Abstract We present a formalization in Lean4 of some multi-graded algebraic geometry constructions, focusing on the Brenner–Schröer Proj construction and algebraic dilatations of rings. Multi-graded Proj schemes, defined from rings graded by more general monoids than $$\mathbb {N...

Applying a systemic approach that extends beyond the brain to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

Traditional dementia research often isolates single aspects, biomarkers or symptoms, overlooking complex interactions shaping disease risk and progression. Lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, reflecting systemic processes, may explain links between Alzheimer’s and metabolic,...