Imperial College London

Toward federated large language models in medicine: a parameter-efficient framework for privacy-preserving, multi-institutional adaptation

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted for medical applications, but most are trained using data from a single institution because privacy and governance constraints prevent multi-institutional data sharing. As a result, these models often generalize poorly across...

Association of non-invasive liver-related scores with cardiovascular disease and a four-domain cardiovascular–renal–hepatic–metabolic phenotype in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and MASLD

Abstract Objective Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a systemic disorder associated with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic comorbidities. We evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD), four-domain cardiovascular–renal–hepatic–metabolic (CRHM) invo...

Perspectives on Meditation-based Preparation for Psychedelic Experiences: Insights from Practitioners with Combined Meditation and Psychedelic Experience

Abstract Objectives Emerging research suggests that meditation may support more beneficial psychedelic experiences while reducing the likelihood of lasting negative effects, yet its specific preparatory benefits remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the perceived...

pCORE, a set of open modular plasmids compatible with golden gate assembly

Abstract Modular DNA assembly based Golden Gate cloning (MoClo) is a widely used framework to assemble genetic constructs. A number of MoClo “destination vectors” have been developed, however, available options are still limited with regards to copy number and antibiotic resistan...

Machine learning–driven structural health monitoring of a high-rise building on thick sediments via seismic ambient noise

Seismic ambient noise enables non-invasive monitoring of high-rise buildings, but existing indicators trade floor-level localization for operational simplicity. Resonance-frequency changes track whole-building stiffness but poorly localize structural variations, whereas inter-flo...

Operational Fuel Inefficiency in Cruise Flight: A Worldwide Geospatial Analysis

Aircraft often deviate from fuel-optimal trajectories during the cruise phase of flight, which accounts for approximately 70% of aviation fuel consumption. Deviations in horizontal route, altitude, and speed lead to excess fuel burn, increased CO₂ emissions, and higher operationa...

Application of dual-view oblique plane microscopy to small-molecule compound screening across 3D glioblastoma stem cell spheroids with single-cell resolution

Recent advances and increasing adoption of 3-dimensional (3D) model systems, such as tumour spheroids and organoids, attempt to more faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology and heterogeneity observed in patients' tumours, with the goal of reducing high attrition rates observe...

Enhancing iNKT cell immunotherapy through the integration of optimized CAR endodomains and iNKT engagers

Abstract iNKT cells are emerging as a highly promising immunotherapy platform for the treatment of cancer. To maximise the anti-cancer activity of CAR-iNKT against the blood cancer multiple myeloma we investigated optimal CAR designs and their combination with new iNKT-specific e...

Uncertainty in Land Carbon Fluxes Simulated by CMIP6 Models from Treatments of Crop Distributions and Photosynthetic Pathways

Abstract. A reliable representation of the diversity of vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems is needed for the accurate simulation of present and future biogeochemical cycling and global climate, particularly as climate change affects different vegetation types differently. We co...

COPD exacerbations and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) after first MACE

Whether major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are associated with subsequent COPD exacerbations is unknown. In a generalisable COPD cohort, we determined whether (1) MACE was associated with subsequent exacerbations (by MACE-subtype, exacerbation severity, and timeframe), an...

Fetal brain five-axial planes and 3D-ICRV cerebral surface imaging from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation

Abstract Background Recent advances in fetal neurosonography have increased interest in prenatal cortical assessment. However, the transvaginal approach, while providing superior resolution, is technically complex and limited to specialized settings. Methods This study utilizes a...

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative myocardial infarction following hip and knee arthroplasty

Aims: Hip and knee arthroplasty are among the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide but carry a risk of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the long-term incidence of MI following hip and knee a...

Masterbatch-enabled acceleration of polyolefin biodegradation under open air terrestrial environmental conditions

Abstract Polyolefins, commonly used in packaging and single-use products, are notoriously persistent in the environment, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. In scientific literature to date, polyolefins have not been reported to fully biodegrade. This study exa...

The Ethical, Legal and Psychosocial Implications of Genetic Testing in Adoption: A Review of the Current Evidence

Genetic testing helps determine the risk an individual faces in developing genetic diseases. Understanding the risk can allow measures to be put in place to increase preparation for the potential onset of certain diseases. Adoptees and adopters are often provided with limited inf...

Prospective analysis of pre-diagnostic untargeted plasma metabolomics and risk of triple-negative breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10–15% of newly diagnosed breast cancer, and its aetiology is poorly understood compared to other breast cancer subtypes. We applied untargeted metabolomics to identify novel biological pathways associated with TNBC risk and poten...

Data-driven surrogates for predicting thermal performance and response functions of thermo-active piles

Purpose This paper develops fast, accurate data-driven surrogate models to predict the thermal performance and thermal response functions of single thermo-active piles. These replace computationally expensive finite element simulations and geometry-specific g-function calculation...

GFN1-xTB-AssistedMachine Learning for ElectronicStructure Screening of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials with tunable crystal structures, morphologies, and chemistries, offering diverse physical and chemical properties. Although typically electrically insulating, specific combinations of organic and inorganic component...

Interpretable multi-label prediction of institution-defined IgA nephropathy clinical patterns using routine cross-sectional clinical and laboratory data

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) clinical heterogeneity leads to inconsistent documentation of multiple, institution-specific pattern labels, creating an imbalanced multi-label phenotyping challenge. We developed an interpretable hybrid model, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Convo...

Data-driven mapping of known and novel fluid biomarker progression profiles in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Abstract Introduction Recent proteomic studies have identified both established and novel proteins in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, it remains unclear at what point in the disease these proteins deviate from normal levels and how their trajectories re...

Benefits and challenges of a Patient & Public Involvement (PPI) peer researcher

Involving a patient and public involvement (PPI) peer researcher with lived experience in clinical research is a relatively new concept and to our knowledge, has not been described in adult cardiac surgery. The integration of a PPI peer researcher with a lived experience of a sur...