Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Genetic diversity, drug resistance, and molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 in Zunyi: implications for precision prevention

Abstract Background HIV-1 genetic diversity and the spread of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) complicate epidemic control. Southwestern China has a heterogeneous HIV epidemic, but molecular transmission dynamics in many prefecture-level settings remain poorly described. Method...

Stapokibart efficacy by asthma status in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a post hoc analysis of the CROWNS-2 trial

Background: Asthma is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Stapokibart, a novel anti-interleukin-4 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with CRSwNP in a phase 3 trial (NCT05436275). Ob...

Integration of proteomic aging clocks in a phase 2a clinical trial supports simultaneous geroprotective assessment

Abstract Drugs for aging-related diseases may modulate aging itself, but standard clinical trial designs cannot detect such effects. Aging clocks could close this gap, but epigenetic models often yield inconsistent, hard-to-interpret results. In contrast, proteomic clocks, by tra...

Consensus H3N2 HA immunogens incorporating key antigenic mutations elicit broad-spectrum neutralising responses

Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 poses a significant public health burden due to its rapid antigenic evolution, necessitating frequent vaccine updates. This study systematically analysed the antigenic evolution of 14 H3N2 vaccine strains (2000-2022) using pseudovirus-based neutralisatio...

Efficacy and Safety of the First Adalimumab Biosimilar in Chinese Children with Severe Plaque Psoriasis: The PISCES Study, a Multicenter Prospective Study

Adalimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, has been approved for the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis in children aged 4 years and older. Data on its use in the clinical management of pediatric psoriasis in China remains limited. This study is th...

Exposure to Size-Fractioned Ambient Particles Associated with Alterations in Gut Microbiome and Pro-Atherosclerotic Biomarkers in Young Adults

Abstract Background: Ambient fine and ultrafine particles are linked to the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, wherein gut microbiome may play a critical role. However, the underlying mechanisms and relevant metabolic pathways are not yet fully understood. Ob...

Systemic evaluation of immune cells and cytokines in patients with different clinical severity of Omicron infection

Abstract Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play pivotal roles in immune response against viral infections. Herein, we performed a comprehensive immunocyte profiling to delineate the variations in immunocyte populations and cytokine levels among patients infected with Omicro...

MSTO1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and represents a potential target for immunotherapy

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased over recent decades. While significant progress has been achieved in immunotherapy, the five-year survival rate is still unsatisfactory because of the low response rate and acquired resistance in a few patients, which...

Global distribution of lung cancer staging at diagnosis: a systematic review

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with stage at diagnosis significantly influencing survival outcomes. This systematic review evaluates global variations in lung cancer stage distribution at diagnosis and examines the associations of soc...

Prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump in gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a potential approach to mitigate perioperative ischemic risk in severe coronary artery disease

Patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring time-sensitive gastrointestinal cancer surgery face a dual challenge: perioperative myocardial ischemia and surgical bleeding. The optimal management strategy in this setting remains undefined. This single-center retros...

Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis reveals a TPM1-positive myCAF-associated gene signature predicting pancreatic cancer prognosis

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, and treatment is largely ineffective because of its unique tumor microenvironment (TME). We identified key cell types in PC using the GSE197177 dataset generated through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Using TCGA-PAAD...

Can digital gait biomarkers complement the WHO intrinsic capacity framework in fall risk stratification? A cross-sectional exploratory analysis

The World Health Organization (WHO) Intrinsic Capacity (IC) framework serves as a holistic construct for healthy aging and fall risk screening. However, current IC assessments predominantly rely on subjective reports or macroscopic physical tests, which may lack the sensitivity t...

Outcomes beyond 10 years after laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension combined with cervical amputation in young women with pelvic organ prolapse and cervical elongation: a prospective observational cohort study

Abstract Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in young women who desire uterine preservation remains clinically challenging, particularly when apical prolapse is accompanied by cervical elongation. Evidence regarding the long-term durability of laparoscopic uterosacral ligament...

Association between post-exercise heart rate recovery and one-year clinical deterioration in COPD: a retrospective longitudinal analysis

The application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for assessing heart rate recovery at 1 min (HRR1) is of significant clinical value in evaluating disease severity, cardiovascular risk, and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, its utility in patie...

Anti-cancer drug clinical research

Abstract Malignant tumors are major diseases that seriously threaten human health, and the unmet clinical demand for treatments in the field of oncology has been persistently large. The research and development of new antineoplastic drugs has become a powerful means to address th...

A five-phase evaluation framework for diagnostic and predictive medical artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly across diagnostic, prognostic, and clinical decision-support applications, yet the pathway from laboratory performance to demonstrable clinical benefit remains fragmented and inconsistently defined. Existing evaluations rely heavi...

A dimeric mRNA vaccine based on key-mutant and KP.3 RBDs induces broad-spectrum immunity and protects mice against JN.1 and XDV challenges

The continued antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has progressively eroded vaccine-elicited protective immunity, driving demand for next-generation candidates that confer broad-spectrum protection against phylogenetically divergent strains. Here we report the de...

Sleep disruption exacerbates allergic airway inflammation through sympathetic-mediated activation of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway in pulmonary macrophages

Sleep disruption (SD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic stressor that worsens inflammatory disease, yet how it reshapes lung immunity remains poorly defined. To address this, we combined an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation model with sleep disruption pa...

Prediction and Planning of Planting for Ecologically Suitable Areas of Cistanche deserticola Using MaxEnt

This study aimed to predict potentially suitable areas for Cistanche deserticola in China and to provide a scientific basis for its cultivation layout and production planning. Based on the MaxEnt algorithm and ArcGIS spatial analysis, two independent ecological niche models were...

Endogenous spermidine biosynthesis contributes to fetal liver megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in mice

Metabolic regulation is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of megakaryocyte development and platelet production, yet the metabolite-level characteristics of primary megakaryocytes from distinct developmental stages and tissue origins remain incompletely defined....